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Journal club on the Node

Figure 1 Schematic of the clock model as proposed by Thorogood (1991). (A) The bold arrow represents the timing of the AER-to-AF transition in the developmental process. (B-D) Hypothesized representations of fin/limb development in the clock model (above) with endochondral skeletal patterns of the fin/limb (below,). (B) Fin development in a teleost, demonstrating a short period of time with AER signaling prior to the AER-to-AF transition.   (C) Fin development in lobe-finned fishes, showing a longer relative time with AER signaling prior to AF transformation. (D) Limb development in a tetrapod, in which AER signaling persists throughout limb development. Figure modified from Yano et al. [3]; based on Thorogood [2]; with fossil form representations in C-D from Long et al. [4].

If I could turn back time: an embryological look at the fin-to-limb transition

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Stem Cells in Developmental Biology: a debate at the BSDB

On how odd critters can answer important questions

Bullying in the lab

Posted by on May 14th, 2013

The lab can be one of the greatest places in the world to make live long friends. Spending countless hours in a tissue culture room late into the middle of the night, sharing similar frustrations when experiments don’t work or talking about how your PI does not have a clue what they are talking about can really bring people together. This is also compounded by the fact that you will spend some of the most formative years of your life with these people. They’ll be the first people you see in the morning, the last people you see at night, and the people that you will spend most of your time socialising outside of the lab with.

However, pressure in every profession can push people to the edge and increase tensions between lab members and in some cases result in bullying. Unfortunately, education does not prevent bullying from occurring in academia and is sadly somewhat a regular occurrence within labs and surprisingly is still found to occur at the higher levels among faculty members.

For PhDs and Post-Docs the constant pressure to perform both technically and mentally can be a lot to handle. In some cases this can get the best of people, with envy being a consuming emotion that results in tension between lab members. Resenting other people in the lab due to their success no matter how big or small can result in the abuse or coercion of others and in some extreme cases result in bully’s tampering with their victims work and stealing their supplies.

Intimidation from other lab members is not the only place where this mental torture comes from, with many PI’s being some of the biggest bully’s within academia. On many occasions I have watched group leaders shout openly at their students, berate their work and on more than one occasion throw their lab book out the window.

One post-doc that I use to work with would go MIA for a few days after meeting with the PI, just to relieve the tension within the lab.  Another lab beside me would orientate a magnet on their freezer in a certain way to represent whether the PI was in or not, so much was the fear of dealing with her. On another occasion a PhD student friend of mine suffered intimidation for months from her PI and eventually was fired without cause. When they approached the HR department within the college they were told that the Professor was ‘too powerful’ and the college could do nothing to resolve their cause, leaving them with no choice but to leave quietly.

If you are suffering from bullying within the lab or know someone who is, directing them towards your university counselling service can always help. If not, lending a helpful ear or discussing your problems with a member outside of the lab might help them/you see the bigger picture and allow you get confront the problem.

www.postpostdoc.com
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Microinjection of preimplantation mouse embryos

Posted by on January 28th, 2013

Hello, my name is Stephanie and I’m a graduate student in Dr. Amy Ralston’s lab at the University of California Santa Cruz.  I just returned from a trip to Dr. Yojiro Yamanaka’s lab at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec.  This trip was funded by the Development Travelling Fellowship from Company of Biologists.  I highly recommend checking it out, receiving this grant was a great, hassle-free experience!

In my time at Dr. Yamanaka’s lab I learned how to synthesize and  inject mRNA constructs into 2 and 8-cell mouse embryos.  I also learned how to live image the embryos as they develop and analyze the data gathered from the imaging.  During my visit I injected GFP and RFP mRNA for easy visualization of my injection success.  I will be using these techniques back at UCSC to study the molecular regulation of the first lineage decision in the mouse embryo.  The molecular mechanisms underlying the first asymmetries and subsequent lineage decisions in the mouse embryo are only beginning to be understood.  I will be using microinjection to over-express a variety of intra-cellular signaling molecules and transcription factors and then assessing the fate of the injected cells.

My time in Montreal was very cold!  Coming from California I’m not adapted to living in subzero temperatures, and most days were below zero (Celsius).  In fact, on the coldest day the high was -22 C, and felt even colder because of the windchill.  It was great to visit French Canada though, very different from other regions in Canada.  McGill University was very international and I met scientists from all over the world who are working there now.  I’m glad to be back in California though, where the high today in Santa Cruz was 15C, well above zero.  I’m also excited to get our injection system up and running and start collecting data.  I included a picture of a 16 cell mouse embryo which I injected at the 8 cell stage.  One cell was injected with H2B conjugated to RFP, marking the DNA, and that cell has subsequently divided.  This was fun and very technically challenging to learn!
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Overly Honest Methods

Posted by on January 8th, 2013

Why did you incubate that sample for 16 hours? Because you wanted to go home for the day - but that much detail is not in your paper! Last night, a few scientists on Twitter started sharing their “overly honest methods”, and today the #overlyhonestmethods hashtag exploded with lots of funny and true stories about scientific experimentation. There are thousands of tweets, still coming in, so I can’t show you all of them, but here is a selection of some of my favourites:

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Behind the Paper: Support beyond Countries

Posted by on September 23rd, 2012

pectoral fin bud of zebrafish (Danio rerio) When Dr. Eva Amsen, Community Manager for the Node and Online Editor for Development, recommended me to write this post in connection with our recent publication about mechanisms of pectoral fin development in zebrafish, she was anxious to know the continuation of a story in Nature News last year after the earthquake (commented by my supervisor, Professor Koji Tamura, Tohoku University in Japan). We had almost forgotten our inexpressible anguish until Eva’s indication. Though it is true that we experienced a terrible disaster, what did we really suffer from? What kind of message should we give to readers? Although we decided to write this post about the road to publication of our article, I had hesitated to write it for a long time because I did not know from what I should begin to write.


my fish cagesSince our laboratory is located on a hill far from the sea, we were not directly affected by the tsunami, but the shock of the earthquake depressed us. Our fish room suffered from loss of power (for three days) and suspension of water supply (for three weeks). In other fish rooms in Tohoku University, many fish lines were lost because of low temperatures or damage caused by the earthquake. Fortunately, our fish room is located on the ground floor with air tightness maintained, I therefore decided to reduce feeding frequency to once every four days (to prevent water pollution) and reduce water circulation (to prevent excessive evaporation). When our water tank for fish became depleted of water after two weeks, we filtered water from a well at a place far from our fish room (the only place to obtain water in the campus) and we carried heavy plastic containers filled with water to the fish room. We were able to keep all of the fish lines alive (I had maintained the fish lines with tender care for six years from when I was an undergraduate student without the assistance of any fish technicians). Our laboratory also had other animals (frogs and reptiles) and most of them could be maintained, though some of them lost their ability to reproduce.
after the earthquakeIn our laboratory rooms (on the fifth floor of a six-story building), everything on the benches and desks fell down and many things were destroyed when the earthquake struck. We returned the fluorescence microscopes and DNA sequence analyzer back to their original positions, but they all fell onto the floor again when a big aftershock occurred. I remember that we were so depressed. The Japanese Government and Tohoku University provided money for repair. Four months later, we were able to restart experiments (though we could not concentrate on work immediately). Because of this chaotic period lasting for four months, submission of our manuscript to Development was delayed, and the PhD thesis defense was affected. Nevertheless, we received support from scientific communities all over the world. I was supposed to attend the JSDB-GFE Joint Meeting of Developmental Biology in Dresden (March 23-26, 2011), but I could not attend it. The German Society of Developmental Biologists supported our registration fee that we had cancelled. ZIRC (Zebrafish International Resource Center, USA) provided fish resources for us in order to allow us to restart experiments smoothly. In Japan, the CDB (Center for Developmental Biology) provided a shuttle bus to transport people and supplies. We received support from many people and organizations, and most of the costs for restoration were provided by public funds including donations from throughout the world. I appreciate this blessed environment, and consequently I could publish my article. However, there are still many people who are in need of support.
Earthquakes occur suddenly with almost no warning. After the earthquake, Koji decided to rearrange throughout the laboratory space and make anti-earthquake reinforcements. Both the number of casualties and the amount of money needed for restoration can be reduced by taking appropriate precautions against future possible disasters. It is also important to share experiences or information among scientists in order to be prepared for future disasters (the Node website is an advanced effort to communicate with developmental biologists/stem cell researchers throughout the world).anti-earthquake reinforcements     We cannot thank you enough for your kindness!


Yano, T., Abe, G., Yokoyama, H., Kawakami, K. & Tamura, K. (2012). Mechanism of pectoral fin outgrowth in zebrafish development, Development, 139 (16) 2925. DOI: 10.1242/dev.075572
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Transcending boundaries: MBL Embryology 2012

Posted by on July 6th, 2012

The most striking realization I have had over the course of last four weeks spent at MBL, Woods Hole is how limitless is the scientific spirit . Pioneers of classical embryological manipulation techniques appreciating the importance of mathematical modeling, groups going to non-model organisms in search of an answer, groups identifying novel questions by merely observing or rather comparing differences between two organisms in one aspect of development, all are examples of the same. Working with a wide range of organisms we have been able to appreciate the diversity of body plan, and its molecular, cellular and behavioral attributes. It’s like learning is fun so, trying to create a five-limbed tetrapod and two-headed frog was fun but also every failed attempt made us realize the importance of temporal and spatial context in development. Not every experiment performed has to be hypothesis driven and so we see fish organiser grafted into frog and mouse organiser into chick, imagination and curiosity are the only drive here. We enjoy the freedom to explore and experiment. Faculties and TAs are available around the clock, eager to help better define the question and design experiments. This encourages to think and ask questions without bothering about practical limitations. A glimpse of the wonderful scientific outcome of this can be seen in the “Fish-bowl” previously known as “Sweat-box”, the one hour post-talk discussion session with the speaker. The speaker is bombarded with questions by students, not all of whom are working in the same field. Many of the questions, including the naive ones, provide novel directions or lead towards yet unexplored possibilities. It’s the most fulfilling one-hour of the day for me and I hope all my course-mates and faculties share the feeling.

Though I am part of a vertebrate developmental biology group, organiser grafts, tissue transplants, gastrulation, chimeras etc. have mostly been text book concepts for me. Learning these classical techniques and concepts from the experts in the field was overwhelming. As they went down memory lane, we learned the evolution of the field. Sitting through the talks we were introduced to the discovery aspects of many molecular and cellular phenomena that so far we have been reading as facts. How the field started from inquisitive observation and systematic documentation followed by attempts to interpret the same. Hypotheses were generated and tools to validate the hypothesis were created. Need based emergence and evolution of the fields of molecular biology, imaging, biomechanics, bioinformatics and so on took place. You are introduced to different model organisms, their advantages as well as limitations. Also to the most recent techniques available for different kind of expression and functional analysis for different organisms, along with feedback on the performance . You get to hear about the questions that led to adoption of non-model organisms in labs and that make groups run more than one lab spread across globe on seasonal basis. In the lab session, you find faculties and TAs happy to help you try any and every experiment you can think of, always ready with tips from their experience and demonstrations. This deroots almost any hesitation one has in working with new model organisms or trying different techniques. It’s all about daring to try something new and different combined with patience and perseverance. In the last two weeks I have had the privilege of working with five different vertebrate species with experiments ranging from classical grafting, skeletal preps., bead implantation to assess the morphogenetic potential of proteins and drugs, to laser ablation, mouse embryo culture, mouse in utero electroporation and TALEN injection in transgenic fish lines. Imagine !!!

You set up a time-lapse last night to capture cellular movements along with lineage tracing by injecting dye in a two-cell zebrafish embryo. Today morning you found that due to improper sealing , and subsequent evaporation of embedding media, you could not capture anything. You are very upset and sitting quiet and calm at the dining table. “What happened?”, comes from your friends. And then comes a long list of strange disasters, time-lapse of an unfertilized egg, time-lapse of a dead embryo, embryo crawling out of the field just few minutes into time-lapse and so on. You just can’t help laughing all your worries away and happily start the next attempt for the same experiment. The group has participants from places spread all over the world. Strangely, you don’t feel the diversity unless, one of your group members suddenly in the middle of the night in the confocal room, tired after a long day, starts speaking Pourtuguese. It’s only after looking at your expression-less face with wide open eyes that she recalls you being an Indian . You enjoy a refreshing laugh together and move on with your experiment trying to find the best possible orientation of the mouse embryo for the time lapse. That small element lying there somewhere deep within us which wants us to read “the mind of nature” is what connects us all beyond our differences.
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Fast times at MBL

Posted by on June 19th, 2012

Sitting down to write this reflection, it struck me that I couldn’t believe it has really been two weeks since I arrived in the quiet town of Woods Hole, MA for the Embryology course at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL). Time has become an abstract concept for my fellow students and me; it seems like we just got here and yet have known one another for months. We engage in science almost every hour of every day. There is no work – only play. I was imaging immunostained plankton on a new Nikon A1 confocal microscope at 3am Saturday morning. I would have gone all night except I did not want to miss Nipam Patel’s famous butterfly lecture at 9am the same morning. Again, this isn’t work. I want to be doing this – and so does everyone else here.

I don’t know what generates the enthusiasm and energy at the MBL. In my graduate lab back at the University of Washington I am a hard worker, yet I don’t have the inclination (or ability) to maintain the pace that I have picked up here. It is not uncommon to work in lab until 2 or 3am, and yet we all eagerly attend lectures a few hours later and put in another 15+ hour day, six or seven days a week. Perhaps it’s the access to the best scientific equipment around – the sheer quantity of reagents and quality of microscopes available to us is stunning. However, more likely it’s being removed for six weeks from my regular graduate school environment. There is no pressure to generate actual data during my time here, no PI to disappoint, no lab meetings to prepare, and certainly no time to read current papers (I’ll have a lot of catching up to do in August!). There is only active experimentation. I am encouraged to ask my own questions and take ridiculous risks. I can do what interests me, even if there is no apparent face value for my field. For example, I spent last week honing my antibody staining skills by asking the question, “What is the prettiest combination of antibodies one can use on Drosophila embryos?” At the same time there is enough structure to ensure that I am learning the principles of developmental biology at an alarming pace.

I am a student of molecular biology but fairly new to the field of development, so I initially worried that I would struggle to keep up with students who were already experienced in developmental biology. These worries were unfounded as we all have as varied scientific backgrounds as our countries of origin. As one of five Americans in our class of twenty-four, this experience has allowed me to discover the commonalities in the language of science. Our techniques and questions might be different, but our curiosity and passion is matched. We were told that we would form bonds that will last the rest of our careers here, and two weeks in, I have little doubt that this was the truth.

When we are not actively manipulating embryos, world-renowned scientists distill their experience into our exhausted minds. We absorb as much as we can and then teach them drinking games in the wee hours of the morning. We have learned how to operate multitudes of imaging systems and practiced performing essential experimental techniques on more organisms than most people experience in a lifetime. In just two weeks we have been immersed in the history and current research directions of several models of development, including sea urchin, C. elegans, Drosophila, and many other invertebrates. Each model brings with it new opportunities and excitement, as well as traditions and challenges.

As we make the transition to vertebrate models, I am glad to take this moment to pause and reflect on my experiences so far. Six weeks is a long time to step out of one’s graduate research (and not to mention one’s life). It’s hard to assess what this time will mean to me in the years to come as I continue my own research. But if I were able to continue to engage as fully with the science of life as I have these last two weeks, I would never look back.

 



 

 

 
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Homeward bound

Posted by on May 10th, 2012

It’s been longer than I’d hoped since I last wrote, but a whole heck of a lot has been going on. Monday last week, the professor in charge of international cooperation at the Chinese Academy in Urumqi came out to the field station with a couple of colleagues to host lunch with us. I knew they were coming, but I didn’t know that they had called ahead to arrange a dumpling-making party for us. So while we waited for their arrival, the cook had prepared all of the fillings and bought the wrappers, and all of the students working at the field station came to join us in making our own lunch. Great fun! After the bigwigs arrived, plates and plates and plates of food hit the table, and the three of us Americans decided that we should eat family style at one long table rather than dispersed among the 5 tables around the room. So we moved furniture around to join up three of the long tables into one feast table. The cool thing about that is that as far as I know those tables are still arranged in that manner. The atmosphere at meal times went from groups of students that work together sitting together and not interacting much to one big happy family laughing and chatting throughout dinner. And I noticed they all started playing pool more and even moved the pingpong table down to where it could be used. I like to think we had a little something to do with that.

Around the celebratory mood, we still had to get a lot of work done, so we’ve been going out to the desert each night for Talia’s data collection. I don’t think I gave a clear description of her work before now, so here it goes. The jerboas are bipedal animals (see previous reference to my motivation for studying this animal here.) Talia works in a lab that studies biomechanics, and her interest is in the nature of that bipedality. In most animals, there is a rule that is followed where an animal predictably switches gaits as it increases in speed (e.g. horses). In the jerboas, it seems that they can use multiple gaits at any speed and perhaps switch from two feet hitting the ground at once to one foot at a time depending on how maneuverable they need to be. So we’ve been setting up enclosures on different natural substrates and filming the animals at night when they’re most active. Unfortunately this requires the use of headlamps which draws giant moths to our faces and bats encircling our heads. If it’s not one troublesome species, it’s another.

So upon completing this part of the grand adventure, we made it back to Urumqi, survived yet another banquet, said our goodbyes and thank yous,  and boarded a 46 hour train to Shanghai. The Hangover Express (see banquet reference above). It was wonderful to be on a train for two days with no one to be held accountable to and no one trying to pour 50% or greater alcohol down our throats to show our happiness! Talia and I slept and slept and slept and read two books each and watched the Chinese countryside whiz past. Our cabin companions were friendly. One was a man who designs jade jewelry and has a fondness for good tea. He shared some tea with us and showed us photos of his work. Talia showed him some of her high speed video of the jerboas which he seemed to find pretty cool. I’m just glad we made it with all of our belongings and the box of embryos was still cool on arrival to the lab in Shanghai. That was the purpose of the two day train - to get the embryos from Xinjiang to Shanghai. Since 2009, it is difficult to do much out there. Shipping or flying with anything remotely questionable is nearly impossible. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve heard the phrase “Xinjiang is special.” But we now have 415 jerboa embryos in a freezer in Shanghai, the paperwork has been initiated, and in about 2 months they ought to arrive in my lab in Boston. That’s when the real fun of RNA sequencing and in situ validation starts, and it’s a little terrifying to think that the fate of my career for the next several years sits awaiting the approval of the Chinese government!

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And of course there’s a hedgehog…in the car

Posted by on April 28th, 2012

We have been getting pretty good videos for the past few days, but it seems the animals have realized we aren’t actually predators and have gone on strike. After the first night of filming, Talia was dissatisfied with the lighting and visibility of the animals, so we decided to get a few more lights and dust the jerboas with glitter to make them more reflective and easier to track. Yes, we bedazzled already adorable rodents. Each one got dropped in a plastic bag and exploded out in a poof of fabulousness. I have named one particularly good runner “Speedy Sparklepants”. They are hilarious.

It’s okay that these individuals gave up on running for us, because these 5-toed jerboas are actually not that hard to catch. They do freeze in the light better than the 3-toed ones, so we’ve actually been able to catch them along the road. The driver has an eagle eye for determining whether objects in the road are rocks or jerboas, and he navigates the car to help spotlight the animals in the high beams. Tonight Yang even caught two with his bare hands since we had given our few remaining unbroken nets back to the guy who is off catching 3-toed jerboas for us tonight. These jerboas are amazing runners, and Talia got pretty good infrared video of a chase and catch as one went zigzagging along the asphalt. I wish they would have the fear of an untimely demise like that when we’re filming in a calibrated setup where she could actually track their movement and get useful data out of it.

As we were approaching the field station this evening, a football-sized trundling critter appeared along the very edge of the road. It wasn’t moving very fast. Turns out it ordinarily doesn’t have to. It was a hedgehog! We all jumped out of the car, and Yang still had on his work gloves, so he just scooped it up into the palms of both hands. The poor little guy immediately pulled his face and legs into a completely enclosed ball of spines. We stood around laughing and marveling at his coolness, and then Yang said “ok, I’m going to take it back to Urumqi tomorrow.” He’s returning for a day or two to take care of some things, and the folks in his lab seem to have decided that they can care for any small animal they can catch. The trouble is that we no longer had any empty cages in the car that could contain the guy. Yang was close to just dropping him in the trunk until we convinced him that was a really bad idea, so he jumped in the front seat instead. We were only just around the corner from the field station anyway, but the driver seemed quite concerned he would unball himself and get loose in the car, so he held a screwdriver at the ready and tapped the hedgehog a few times when it seemed he felt the coast was clear. He’s now chilling in a cage in the lab. Probably a little annoyed that he was just trundling along, minding his own business…

We’ve also been having a great time immersing ourselves in the local Kazakh culture. Yesterday we had to head into Fukang to find glitter and a few more flashlights to illuminate the arena, so we made an afternoon of it. I now know the Chinese characters for camel, and I have to admit that I now understand the pictographic nature of the language – the characters luo tuo actually really do look like two camels. Yang asked if we wanted to try camel’s milk, so we all had our eyes peeled for the characters for camel until we found a lower level shop selling camel’s milk and camel yoghurt. This was such a huge traveler’s no no – unpasteurized dairy products. But the local people were coming in a steady stream, it was all refrigerated, and I have a supply of antibiotics just in case. It was tasty. The yoghurt was a bit strange. Super tart and tasted very slightly carbonated with tiny chunks. The milk though was amazing. Thick rich whole milk with a slightly grassy flavor more like yak’s milk. We bought a half liter and used it to make milk tea the next morning. Yummy. The same shop also sold fabric items: Kazakh wedding dresses, pillow forms, and various bits of bedding and decorations. Sarah and I spent a solid hour rifling through piles of gorgeous pieces with brightly colored floral patterns embroidered in a traditional Kazakh style. I found a wall hanging that’s meant to go behind a bedframe or along the wall behind a sofa. It’s going to be a gorgeous conversation piece in my future house some day.

We set off this morning in search of cardboard pieces so that Talia can build a trackway to film the animals’ movement up close on a sandy substrate, and after scavenging through the local recycling center, Sarah and Yang went off to the desert to bring back buckets of sand while Talia and I took care of a few things at the field station. They returned about an hour later, and Sarah bounced out of the car yelling “Hurry, they’re going to take us to the horse races! Kazakh horse races!” So we all piled into the car and drove a few minutes south of 222 and out into an open field full of people, cars, trailers, and motorcycles. There were several hundred Kazakh people excitedly watching the horses race past on the bare dusty earth. The story I got was that a wealthy Kazakh man in the area arranged the races in celebration of his son or daughter’s wedding. The Kazakh horses are a bit smaller than horses we’re familiar with, and they were ridden bareback by young men/older boys. The track is 5 kilometers around, and they have to run the track in 6 laps, so it’s more of a race for endurance than speed. These poor horses had worked up a lather by the time we arrived since they were on the last lap. I’m not sure who won, because I was too distracted by all of the men trying very enthusiastically to communicate with us. As soon as we arrived, so many curious pairs of eyes focused on us. Two big burly guys kept wanting to pose for photos with us, and a whole family asked me to take their picture. Super warm and friendly people which made the whole experience just as much about the folks watching the race as it was about the race itself. And back to the topic of camels – apparently the top prize for the race was one camel. I wish I’d been able to race and win a camel.
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Of course there are chickens…

Posted by on April 27th, 2012

We just got back from the desert about a half hour ago, at 2:30 am, after a pretty successful evening. We also went earlier in the day to build a fenced off enclosure where we could run the animals in front of Talia’s infrared cameras. As we were getting into the car, I said to the girls “I’m not expecting anything, but I’m curious to see if the driver decides to pitch in at any point since he seems really interested in what we’re doing.” I didn’t expect it because we’ve only hired the guy as a driver, not to help with the field work. But he quickly surprised me by heading straight up the sand dune with us and then helping Talia to construct the fenced area while Sarah and I set traps to see what we might catch this evening (6 more gerbils for anyone who is keeping count). By the time we returned to where they were working, they had all of the stakes in the ground and the netting in place and were wiring the last side. Pretty good teamwork with some charades and basic Chinese.

The driver was concerned about leaving our things in the desert and wanted to call someone to come keep watch while we went back into town for dinner, but we convinced him that no one would bother any of it. Plus he stopped as we were leaving and asked some folks who were collecting medicinal plants in the desert to just keep an eye out for as long as they would be there. It was getting dark soon anyway, so I wasn’t too worried about more people coming along. After dinner, we rallied again and headed back to our study location to get some animals moving. The Chinese man who had been catching animals for us came along, and we sent him and Yang off to do some catching and bring a few more of the 5-toed jerboas. They weren’t even gone long before they returned with five animals. I think they are relatively easy to catch as far as jerboas go. They jump around a lot more than the 3-toed ones, but they seem to startle in the light better.

So we got all of the lights and cameras set up and got animals into the enclosure one by one, starting with one of the gerbils. He just kind of went bonkers everywhere and kept trying to climb the netted walls of the enclosure. His galloping run looks pretty awesome on the high speed video. The 3-toed guys just sort of hop about and don’t seem bothered by much, but the 5-toed ones are a lot more active. Toward the end, once we got all of the lights in the right positions and figured out how to get good video, the last one we used was hoppy all over the place. Really good study animal, so he got a star in hopes he’ll continue to perform well.

After about three hours of running around, we decided it was good for a first trial and packed up shop to head back. As we were loading things back into the research building at the field station, I noticed there were two boxes in the middle of the entry way floor that were about the size of old TV boxes. And they were making noises. Clearly something alive was inside. I was surprised, because I thought we were the only ones working on animals here. Everyone we’ve talked to is doing work on soil or plants. So we flicked on the lights and cautiously approached to discover that each box contained about 10 live chickens. Sarah and I busted out laughing. She pulled out her iphone and started documenting a short video. She’s been pretty good about narrating videos of what we’ve been seeing and doing. I think it’s the delirium of the late hour combined with the fact that there were two boxes of chickens in the research building, but we just kept laughing between blank-faced statements of “Of course there are chickens. Why wouldn’t there be?”

So I’m back, it’s 3 am, I’m showered, and I know that every mole or skin tag on my body really is a mole or a skin tag. That had to be determined before I could sleep well tonight. I’ve blogged about this in past years - the drawback to the awesomeness of camels in the desert is that there are also camel ticks in the desert. And they’re disgusting. I’ve seen a half dozen or so, including one I pulled off my leg before it had managed to latch on for a meal. That was before I got smart and tucked my pants into my socks. They drop out of the shrubs and follow you through the desert, so you have to keep moving to keep them off. That’s tough when you’re in a fixed position next to a camera for an extended period of time. Sarah flicked one off her leg earlier in the day and pulled another off of the back of Talia’s shirt. She thought they were spiders because they have weirdly long spindly legs, but nope. They’re definitely ticks. And we have another week of experiences that are starting to give me signs of delusional parasitosis.
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Baby camels!

Posted by on April 25th, 2012

Now the real adventures begin. We arrived at the field station on Sunday and met with The Fixer on Monday afternoon to discuss arranging a driver for the next week or so. We explained to him what the goals are, where we’d like to go, the time of day/night, duration of the trip, and asked for a price estimate before we go to negotiate with the drivers. There are a bunch of drivers at the market, so I figured we’d just go that way and see who gives us the best price. He started to go on about how it’s complicated to say how much it will cost because of variables like the time, road conditions, etc. I just wanted a ballpark for price per kilometer or price per hour so I’d know what to expect and where to start. Somewhere in these negotiations, a driver pulled up - a friend of The Fixer who he wanted us to hire. At some point in the “it’s complicated” negotiations that a Chinese student (Yang) was trying to help me with, Sarah interrupted and took over negotiating for me. The whole game changed. She got them to understand that it doesn’t have to be complicated because they already know all of the variables. She also got them to agree to an estimate for the first day with room for each side to negotiate if either I or the driver don’t think the price is fair. The Chinese student seemed a little astonished that this worked so well, and it validated the argument I’d been making about her value to the institute - she managed to help reach an agreement far more quickly than if we’d done things in a more Chinese and left room for flexibility on both sides. This was probably only possible though because I’ve cultivated a reputation for honesty.

So off we went to explore the desert. We visited the location I’d gone to a few weeks ago along the oil highway where I’d seen lots of tracks and where we’d been told there are lots of 3-toed jerboas. One of the things Talia wants to do is to take soil compaction measurements using a penetrometer. It’s not as dirty as it sounds. It’s basically a hand held tool that measures the amount of force it takes to press a small foot into the ground by a set amount. She’s been taking readings in all of the different locations and at the top and bottom of sand dunes and samples of the earth so that she can better understand the environment with which the jerboa feet are interacting as they bound along.

We had planned to visit another location last night, but we got distracted instead by camels. It’s just one of those times when you sacrifice a little bit of work for an amazing experience. A Kazakh family with a house by the roadside had about a half dozen baby goats that had lost their moms, so that was pretty cute to begin with. But then we rounded the corner of the house and walked over to where there were three mamma camels with their babies. Soooooooo painfully cute. They even have little baby humps. But a baby camel is no small fry. Each of these little guys was probably no more than a couple weeks old but already stood at about my shoulder. The mamma camels were a bit unpredictable, and I kept expecting to get clocked by a giant head suspended on a long neck. At one point, one of the gals started to walk toward me, but they each have a rope tied to one foot, so she accidentally stepped on the rope and managed to hobble herself. Good for me, because I think she had more than “hello” in mind.

This morning we went to make up for the lost hours last night and visited a couple of other jerboa capture sites. More camels! We had to wait for a whole herd at a camel crossing before we could continue on the road to a flat dry field where the 5-toed jerboas are supposedly prevalent. So once we had the lay of the land, we returned to the field station where everyone else took an afternoon siesta, and I got a little work done before we set out to lay some traps in a field near here. We will probably only catch sand rats (gerbils/jirds), but since Talia wants to compare bipedal and quadrupedal rodents, those are still useful.

After dinner this evening, we set out once more to a place where we were told there are both 5 and 3-toed jerboas. I walked along the top of the dune with my headlamp sweeping slowly in each direction and managed to see about a dozen 3-toed jerboas. Mostly though I just got good at spotting spiders since their eyes also glow in the light, but they’re much smaller than rodent eyes and kind of green in color. The jerboas are really quick though, so about all I got to appreciate was their escape maneuvering as their eyes bounced off into the distance. Fortunately my companions are a little quicker and managed to net a jerboa and a sand rat before we left that area. The driver was super helpful also. He stayed with the car, but every once in awhile he would flick on the headlights and change position so he could highlight animals for us. I think he finds this whole adventure to be funny and fun at the same time.

On our way out of the desert, along a dirt road, we saw a whole bunch more 3-toed jerboas, and Yang eagerly hopped out to chase them down. I think he wore himself out, but he was successful and caught another two jerboas before we left the desert. We then stopped at a place where there were supposed to be 5-toed jerboas but didn’t see any until we were leaving along a paved road and caught sight of them in the headlights of the car hopping down the road. The driver passed the first one by before realizing we wanted to stop and try to catch it, so he threw the car into reverse. I remember saying “it’ll be either gone or squished” not really expecting the latter until we once again passed it and saw the poor thing lying in the road. The good thing is that he didn’t feel anything for long, but I can’t understand why he didn’t hop out of the way. Fortunately we caught two more alive also along the road, so Talia now has some research subjects for her filming.
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