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Gone today, hair tomorrow? Changes in dermal papilla cell number drive hair thinning and loss.

ISSCR Annual Meeting – Day 4

Posted by on June 18th, 2013

Final day at the ISSCR. No posters. No concurrent sessions.  Just pure plenary all day. And indeed, the eclectic mix of talks provided a fitting end to 4 days of diverse science.

Ian Chambers kicked things off with an excellent talk describing the surprising recent finding by his laboratory that reduced levels of Oct4 actually improves self-renewal of mouse ES cells and reduces heterogeneity. Elena Cattaneo presented some beautiful stainings of early neural development in human fetuses, work that will surely interest many in the field, while Oliver Brustle gave a good overview of his laboratories work in modelling neural disease using neural stem cells derived from pluripotent stem cells. Benoit Bruneau described his labs impressive efforts to characterise the epigenome of cells at various stages during in vitro cardiac differentiation while Mitinori Saitou provided fascinating insights into the transcription factor control of primoridal germ cell specification. The morning talks were noteworthy not only for their high quality but also the diversity of experimental approaches used; including an assortment of pluripotent stem cell manipulations, reprogramming strategies, in vitro differentiation, -omics, and human in vivo studies.

The afternoon session talks were equally strong. Ken Zaret introduced characteristically meticulous work looking at pioneer transcription factors and the manipulation of chromatin states during both cellular differentiation and reprogramming. Kristin Baldwin presented her recent attempts to characterise the somatic mutational spectra using the formidable combination of somatic cell nuclear transfer (using terminally differentiated neurons) followed by ES cell derivation and whole genome sequencing! The theme of nuclear transfer then continued as one of the most eagerly awaited speakers - Shoukhrat Mitalipov – took to the stage. The recent publication of his derivation of cloned human ES cells created a major stir in the build up to the conference and many were eager to hear the full story of this major feat. They weren’t disappointed and were also treated to his thoughts on the applicability of this technique in the treatment of mitochondrial diseases. Next, Shinya Yamanka returned to the platform to present Marius Wernig with the ISSCR Outstanding Young Investigator Award. Wernig was then given the opportunity to present the work that merited this accolade, namely his groundbreaking studies on trans-differentiation. As well as giving the background to these landmark findings he presented more recent data in which he has taken an –omics approach to try and better characterise the process - including slavishly mapping the binding pattern of the ‘reprogramming’ factors in different cellular contexts. His talk provided an indication that not all his chosen transcription factors function in the same way during the transdifferentiation process, and he presented evidence of pioneer factor activity - an interesting link to Ken Zaret’s talk. Next, the topic shifted to regenerative medicine and included fascinating talks from Hans Snoeck, Graziella Pellegrini and Timothy Bertram. The later two presentations featured data generated following cell transplantation into patients – a goal of many in the field and an exciting way to finish the conference. However, there was just enough time for Eric Lander to provide an intriguing insight into his adventures unlocking the secrets of the human genome – admitting in the process that everything he taught his undergraduate students about the human genome in 2001 has now been proven wrong! I wonder what he taught this year that will suffer the same fate…?!

With a goodbye from Shinya Yamanaka, in his own inimitable style, the 2013 ISSCR came to an end. Although one final surprise came in the lobby where we were met by not only a free bar, but a free bar with some decent beers behind it too! Next year rolls on to Vancouver – although this blogger may well be hanging up his keyboard well before then!
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ISSCR Annual Meeting – Day 3

Posted by on June 16th, 2013

After a fun night socialising, the stem cell science kicked off again in earnest on Friday morning. The morning session turned to ‘Cell and Gene Therapy’ – the final goal of many at the meeting. David Williams and Alesandra Biffi provided fascinating insights into the past and future of the gene therapy field, with a particular focus on gene delivery using haematopoeitic stem cells (HSCs). It’s good to see that the gene therapy has had somewhat of a resurgence in recent years, in part due to its interface with stem cell biology. The ethical dilemmas that these experimental therapies undoubtedly raise were summarised and expanded upon by Nancy King, while Sarah Ferber described a different approach to regenerative medicine, detailing her work on transdifferentiation of liver to pancreas as a potential therapy for diabetes. The final talk of the morning plenary came from Charles Murry who works on cardiac regeneration. He described the challenges – financial, practical and scientific – of using the non-human primate (NHP) as a model to study cell therapy for cardiac disease. Indeed, throughout the conference there have been frequent discussions about how we can properly characterise human pluripotent cells and their derivatives, and many have expressed the opinion that validating findings in the NHP is an important step. Murry’s contribution certainly focussed the debate on both the trials and benefits of such an approach. The sight of human ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes integrating and apparently functioning in vivo in the NHP heart was certainly a very exciting end to the morning plenary– regardless of your stance on NHP research.

The concurrent sessions included epigenetics, HSCs, chemical conrol of stem cell behaviour, organ development, stem cell therapies and germ cell biology. The two main speakers in the germ cell session were presenting on haploid ES cells – an exciting new tool in stem cell biology. Jinsong Li provided a good overview of the field and his own work in the mouse system, before describing the successful derivation of NHP haploid ES cells.  Josef Penninger focussed on the application of mouse haploid cells for genetic screens and his belief that ‘yeast genetics’ is now possible in mammalian cells. He also plans to make the powerful platforms his lab has developed accessible to the whole community – a massive undertaking for which he deserves a great deal of credit. Robin Hobbs brought the focus back to germline developmental biology with his latest insights into Tsc2-mTORC1 signalling in spermatogonial stem cells and I was delighted to be able to share some of my work on the connection between pluripotency and the germline. Concurrent session 2 featured many more exciting presentations, including sessions on immunology, cancer and chromatin regulation – something for everything on another full day of science.

In the evening Shinya Yamanaka hosted the president’s reception at the lavish Harvard Club in town. In an entertaining speech he revealed that the phone call from Stockholm interrupted his attempts to fix his washing machine – ‘luckily I don’t have to do this any more’ he quipped!
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ISSCR Annual Meeting – Day 2

Posted by on June 15th, 2013

Day 2 featured a full scientific program, including a morning plenary and two afternoon sessions with concurrent talks running in five different rooms. Luckily many of the talks are being videoed and will be available to attendees for a few weeks after the event – a good idea as it’s impossible not to feel like you’re missing exciting science even with the most careful scheduling.

We kicked off with a disease modelling session, certainly a popular topic which has also featured in many posters and short talks throughout the conference so far. It is clear that many labs and institutions are investing huge efforts in collecting and cataloguing induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from patients with a vast array of different diseases. The plenary talks from Lawrence Goldstein, Haruhisa Inoue and Joseph Wu focussed on using iPS cells to interrogate the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease. The general consensus was that the standard of the presentations was very high, really raising the bar of what can be achieved even when modelling complex diseases in the dish. Ludovic Vallier also presented his lab’s efforts to understand genetic and phenotypic variability in a large cohort of iPS cell lines derived using different tissues of origin and reprogramming methods. iPS cells were also well represented in the concurrent session on pluripotency and there remains a great deal of interest in the mechanism of reprogramming. A particularly noteworthy talk by Jacob Hanna presented incredible data demonstrating that knocking out one component of a chromatin remodelling complex can lead to 100% reprogramming efficiency on expression of the Yamanaka factors. The cell fate conversion session featured talks on ‘direct reprogramming’ (or trans-differentiation) emphasising not only how malleable cell fate is, but also the challenges in manufacturing fully functional, terminally differentiated cell types in vitro. Indeed, some discussions have focussed on whether this is necessary or even desirable in all contexts – as long as cells can safely and efficiently ‘do the job’ asked of them. The idea of completely new cell types is certainly intriguing, although maybe not to the developmental biologist still struggling to understand the cells we have already! On a related note, Pentau Liu presented his lab’s work on designer transcription factors which are custom made to turn your gene of interest on or off. Certainly a neat trick which sparked debate as to how one might utilise these in the future to answer different biological questions. Other sessions included neural stem cells, tissue engineering, stem cell signalling and niches, aging and metabolism, and ‘new technologies’ to name but a few. Each concurrent session has also featured poster teasers which are an excellent recent addition to many conferences – one speaker even used their allotted time to sing/rap about their work. I’m sure this poster got plenty of foot traffic… although I’m not convinced this approach will, or should (!), necessarily catch on!

The day ended with a social event for young investigators at a local Irish bar – although even the more senior scientists who sneaked in couldn’t resist the lure of the dance floor! I won’t name any names… but the blood stem cell field was certainly well represented!
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ISSCR Annual Meeting 2013

Posted by on June 11th, 2013

Hi there,

My name’s Harry and i’m going to be blogging from the ISSCR annual meeting in Boston, starting tomorrow. I’ll try and add daily updates to let you know what’s new in the stem cell field and give an overall impression of the ISSCR experience. Hopefully if you click on the ISSCR tags below this will link to all my posts.

You can also follow me on Twitter (@HGLeitch) if you want more regular updates. Opinions are my own(!).

 

 
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Young Embryologist Meeting 2012 (YEM:2012)

Posted by on February 29th, 2012

 

4th Young Embryologist Meeting


Friday 1st June 2012


UCL Institute of Child Health, London


 

Registration and Abstract Submission NOW OPEN (until March 31st)


 


 

 

The 4th Young Embryologist Meeting (YEM:2012) will take place on the 1st of June 2012 in the Kennedy Lecture Theatre at UCL’s Institute of Child Health, London. It will be a full day event from 10am to 5pm.

 

At the annual YEM, we aim to facilitate the discussion of various topics of developmental biology in a relaxed and cordial atmosphere. YEM:2012 is free and open to everyone, though preference is given to PhD students and post-docs for talks and posters. This year, we are pleased to welcome Professor Liz Robertson (Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford) as our keynote speaker. We will also have a Q&A Session about publishing, with Katherine Brown (Executive Editor of Development), Katie Ridd (Senior Editor of Nature Communications), and David Wilkinson (Editor in Chief of Mechanisms of Development) as panel members.

 

Registration and abstract submission close on 31st March 2012. To find out more about the meeting, to register, or to submit an abstract for a talk or poster, please visit the Young Embryologist Network website:

 

www.youngembryologist.org


 

 

If you would like to get more out of your research and meet your fellow researchers, join the YEN! Sign up to our mailing list for updates on future events by emailing: youngembryologistnetwork@gmail.com

Join the YEN Facebook group or follow YEN on Twitter @YEN_Tweets

 

 

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The (re)birth of the DSDB

Posted by on February 1st, 2011



As the world of research into developmental biology becomes larger, and the arrival of online communities such as The Node allows us to bring that world a little closer to hand, the importance of using scientific communities to share expertise and experience only grows.   Therefore, here in the Netherlands we are pleased to announce that a little over a week ago the Hubrecht Institute in Utrecht hosted the inaugural meeting of the recently reformed Dutch Society for Developmental Biology (DSDB).

Upon coming to the Netherlands as a postdoc over a year ago, I was a little surprised there was no active developmental biology society or community in place, particularly considering that research which was being conducted in the Netherlands in the early 1900’s was one of the early initiatives for the founding of the first Society for Developmental biology (more about the new society later, first it’s time for a brief trip through history…).

Born in 1853, Ambrosius Hubrecht (for whom the modern Hubrecht Institute is named) was Professor of Zoology at Utrecht University.  He amassed a vast collection of embryological material, and his fascination for Darwin’s evolutionary theory led him into correspondence with Darwin himself.  In 1911, Hubrecht founded the ‘Institut Internationale d’Embryologie’ (IIE), a selective society of embryologists who would meet and discuss aspects of comparative embryology.  The home of the IIE, where meetings would take place, was Hubrecht’s private home in the centre of Utrecht.

A year after Hubrecht’s death in 1915, it was decided to establish the first Hubrecht Laboratory at Hubrecht’s house in Utrecht, and Daniel de Lange became the first director, leading the IIE, and  continuing to organise small international meetings between 1930 and 1938.  At this time, the IIE existed to serve the scientific needs of others, in the field of descriptive comparative embryology.
Concurrently, the field of experimental embryology was making great strides, and in 1968 the IIE renamed itself as the International Society of Developmental Biologists (ISDB), retaining its function as a discussion forum, and keeping its headquarters at the Hubrecht Laboratory

In Europe, and for some time, the functions of the ISDB were assumed in parallel by the European Developmental Biology Organisation (EDBO), grouping together the European national societies of Developmental Biology. At the time this included the Dutch NVOB (Netherlands Society for Developmental Biology). In 1997 the ISDB took over all EDBO functions, and became the world umbrella of national societies of developmental biology.  At this point, the NVOB lost its momentum (but was never officially dissolved), while the ISDB has continued to increase its affiliated members, as the international development community continues to grow.

Therefore, the large community of developmental biologists we belong to came about in part through the activities of a similar society formed here in the Netherlands 100 years ago.  It seemed a shame that a country with a rich history in developmental biology research and with much exciting research still taking place here, had lost its roots somewhat.  After an initial meeting of interested scientists in the summer last year, the DSDB/NVOB has been reborn.

The first meeting was a 1 day event, with 15 speakers (mostly PI’s from within the Netherlands) covering topics including axis patterning, developmental clocks, cell migration, organogenesis, hematopoiesis, plant growth and flowering and small RNAs .  The full program can be found on the DSDB website.  Discussion afterwards yielded the conclusion that the day had been a great success, and that there is definitely the need and enthusiasm for the resurrection of such a community in the Netherlands.

This initial meeting served to familiarise all developmental groups in the Netherlands with the research topics that are the main point of focus in different labs. In future years I would like to see the expansion of the meeting, hopefully so that it can also provide a forum for younger scientists to showcase their own work.  The mission statement of the society is to serve as a forum for developmental biologists in the Netherlands and, through the ISDB, throughout the world.  It should facilitate the sharing of conceptual and technical expertise within our field, and allow us to share research output and stimulate discussions through yearly meetings.  And of course, it will function as a national training network for young scientists. Certainly, as a young postdoc coming from a very interactive developmental biology community in England, my hope is that this society will grow and will once more flourish as a resource for developmental biologists in the Netherlands.  There is a website (it’s running but still rather under construction) for the new society, which can be found at www.nedvob.nl

The committee members for the new DSDB are:

Secretary: Dies Meijer (ErasmusMC, Rotterdam)

Treasurer: Rik Korswagen, (Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht)

President: Jacqueline Deschamps (Hubrecht Institute and UMC, Utrecht)

(Meeting co-organisers – Ben Scheres, Jeroen Bakkers, Susana Lopes and Derk ten Berge)

Membership to the society is now open, and membership enquiries can be directed to Rik Korswagen.

Many thanks to the organisers for getting the society up and running again, and to the NWO for financial support in organising the first meeting.  Also many thanks also to Jacqueline for a digested history of Dutch Dev Bio.


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Conference announcement: Advances in stem cell research: Development, Regeneration & Disease in Paris, France

Posted by on January 19th, 2011

The conference website is here and is accepting abstracts until February 7th, 2011. It will be in English.

There is a good roster of speakers and it should be a stimulating occasion for those of us in Europe with the time and money to spend a few days in April in Paris.
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Nothing beats a movie for developmental biologists

Posted by on December 16th, 2010

If anyone is up to listening to lectures in French, and it’s not so bad, really, there are a series of excellent lectures in developmental and stem cell biology available from the STEM-Pole, a federation of Paris-region laboratories interested in stem cells from a more fundamental or more therapeutic perspective. These took place during an annual meeting in mid-November in Paris, that was live webcast.

Last year’s webcast, I was sick in bed, but not only was I able to listen during the talks but I even asked a question of two of the speakers. Some of those talks are also still online.

The EasyCast Nomad hard-/software that was used for the recording is among the lightest and easiest for the end-user that I have experienced. You not only see and hear the speaker, but also their slides in real time, coordinated with their talk.

I was privileged to participate in a preserved-for-posterity teleconference (good thing I forgot my webcam that day!) with a number of developmental biology educators about the Next Generation Embryology project in Newcastle, England. Go check out the project - it’s quite fantastic, really, even if you are not a human embryologist. But the software, as flexible and amazing as it seems (great for teleconferencing, really), is a bit unwieldy, and I manage to crash it on a regular basis even on replay only.

Nature Network, for its annual Science Online conferences, has made ample use of webcasting software to mixed results. I attended the 2008 blogging conference, so couldn’t say how casting went. The 2009 one, was at 3 a.m. from my point of view on vacation in the U.S., and so I literally participated in my pajamas, using the suggested Second Life interface. It was a bit gimmicky but somewhat functional - again, the software was too unwieldy for easy interaction with speakers, and the avatar business a bit distracting though with still a lot of potential. There is quite the Second Life science community over there at Nature Network, for those who are interested, with virtual seminars at the Elucian Islands.

Anyone have other webcast experiences to share, either examples to follow or to avoid?
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Development of Sensory Systems: Autumn BSDB2010

Posted by on August 7th, 2010

Before everyone disappears on their summer holidays, I wanted to let you know that there are a few places left at the British Society for Developmental Biology Autumn meeting.

The theme is the Development of Sensory Systems and its from Tuesday 7th September to Thursday 9th September 2010 at St Anne’s College, Oxford University (fantastic location for anyone that hasn’t been there). It’s open to members and non-members and you can register (places permitting) until 1st September. For all the details and the beautiful poster see:

http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/biomedical/mrc/Groups/Williams/Site/Welcome.html


Speakers include:

Detlev Arendt (Heidelberg)

Clare Baker (Cambridge)

Linda Barlow  (Colorado)

Jo Begbie (Oxford)

Patrik Ernfors (Stockholm)

Anthony Graham (London)

Andy Groves (Houston)

Bill Harris (Cambridge)

Thomas Hummel (Munich)

Andrew Jarman (Edinburgh)

Ilona Kadow (Munich)

Robert Kelsh (Bath)

Lucia Manni (Padova)

Adrian Moore (Tokyo)

Filippo Rijli (Basel)

Jane Sowden (London)

Angelika Stollewerk (London)

Tanya Whitfield (Sheffield)

Darren Williams (London)



Hope to see you there!
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BSDB-BSCB Meeting Report Part III

Posted by on July 10th, 2010

Here is the final part of my meeting report on the BSDB-BSCB Spring Conference this April in Warwick. In the first part, I covered some of the talks on transcriptional regulation, and in part two I gave a brief overview on recent attempts to decipher large-scale transcription factor networks. In this final part I will touch on several seemingly unrelated subjects, which reflects how difficult it was for us developmental biologists to make choices between some of the parallel sessions: the BSCB’s stem cell sessions and the BSDB’s limb development and “evo-devo” sessions.

In one of the stem cell sessions, Austin Smith (Centre for Stem Cell Research, Cambridge, UK) emphasized the artificial nature of cultured embryonic stem (ES) cells and how the previously empirically determined requirements to maintain these cells do not reflect minimal requirements. Supply of these factors, such as specific sera, might even be counterproductive in maintaining the pluripotent state, since they contain many inductive stimuli. His lab has established that specific inhibition of the MEK/ERK cascade and GSK3 simultaneously is sufficient to provide optimal conditions for ES cell derivation and maintenance from all mouse strains and even from rats.

Kevin Eggan (Harvard University, USA) and his group have succeeded in reprogramming skin cells of patients suffering from either inherited or sporadic instances of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) into pluripotent stem cells. They were then able to differentiate these patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into spinal motor neurons and glia, the cell types affected in the disease. Now they are comparing the behavior of these cells to that of the corresponding cell types generated from skin cells of healthy individuals, attempting to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying ALS.

Of the limb development session I will only cover Richard Behringer’s (University of Texas, Houston, USA) talk, since I did a bit of session hopping at that time. He presented their work on forelimb development in the bat, where they identified Paired-related homeobox 1 (Prx1) as a promising candidate underlying limb diversification between mouse and bat. In mice, they replaced the Prx1 enhancer with that of the bat, and observed a significant increase in both the length of the forelimb and the levels of Prx1 mRNA. In the second part of his talk, Behringer described their experiments in which they expressed a human HoxB1-9 transgene in a HoxB1-9 knockout mouse. This resulted in almost complete rescue of the knockout phenotype. Interestingly, the presence of the human transgene had a dominant effect in either wildtype or mutant mice: Only 5 sacral vertebrae rather than 6 formed, which might be the result of a shift of the expression boundary of HOXB9 in human compared to the mouse.

After first making a case for the need of new model organisms by presenting his group’s work on germline formation in the beach hopper Parhyale hawaiensis, Nipam Patel (University of California, Berkeley, USA) described how he has been using Google’s search engine to collect about 3000 examples of mosaic butterfly gynandromorphs, which show regions of both male and female characteristic patterns in the same wing. He observed that these naturally occurring clones do not cross a certain boundary, which is distinct from the boundary separating the classical anterior and posterior compartments defined in Drosophila. They were able to experimentally trace the origin of this unexpected compartment back to embryonic development. This so-called S compartment is also present in Drosophila, albeit in a very thin line. The studies Patel presented demonstrated how much there still is to learn in developmental evolution, and how the usage of unconventional model organisms can unmask unknown processes, which might be more concealed in our traditional systems.

Kristin Tessmar-Raible (University of Vienna, Austria) presented the unusual organism and topic her team works on: They use the annelid worm Platynereis dumerilii to study lunar rhythms, which synchronize spawning in these animals. In a series of experiments using entrainment and expression profiling of candidate genes, they identified the core set of genes of the lunar clock. Interestingly, the circadian and lunar clocks seem to regulate the same subsets of genes. A group of photosensory-neurosecretory cells of the inner medial forebrain of this species has recently been shown to represent the ancient core of vertebrate and invertebrate brains, and Tessmar-Raible’s group is now investigating whether and how these cells are involved in regulating the clocks.

Finally I’d like to mention the BSDB’s Waddington Medal, which is awarded annually at the spring meeting to a developmental biologist for their outstanding research performance and services to the subject community. This year it went to Robin Lovell-Badge (NIMR, London, UK), for his research on sex determination, stem cells and the development of the nervous system. He gave a highly entertaining lecture on the important steps in his life and career, including video coverage from his childhood and pictures of the various cars he has owned over the years.

I thoroughly enjoyed the meeting, especially due to the wide range of subjects it covered. So I’m looking forward to attending next year’s spring meeting, which will be announced here.
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