Physics and Biology were the media darlings last week. Earlier, one of my favorite physicists Professor Stephen Hawking claimed through his paper that there are no black holes! Well… later I realized he actually insist in calling it with different name, “Metastable bound states of the gravitational field”!!! I know I am not meant to explore the nature of black holes. Nevertheless, While I was contemplating over the yes-or-no event horizon, there came hey-remember-you-are-a-biologist kind of reminder articles in Nature and makes a sensation. I first read about it from a random free newspaper on London Tube. Now you know how quickly it hit the media!

By now, most of people who work in the research field which uses key word “stem cells” should be aware of these two articles. So me not going into much details. Apparently, Haruko Obokata and Charles Vacanti’s team has done amazing job in showing a new method to derive iPS-like cells (as Yamanaka calls it). The method involves exposing the cells to stress, like comfortable acidic pH. And the rest of the story is well known.

Now, the lesson for me from these two articles is not only how I can reprogram cells in a new way but also how an alternative thinking can lead to breakthrough discoveries. Most of the scientists often plunged into narrow topics that often restricts to think outside the lab. As the lead author says, the original idea occurred to her when she thought about plants how they regenerate missing parts when it get chopped off. Obviously plants do not need to overexpress Yamanaka factors-like factors or any genetic manipulation to regenerate. In plants, mostly the regeneration is induced by stress. By inspired by this, the authors tried various stress applications including to squeeze the cells through narrow capillary pipettes (of course, without killing) and see if it could make the cells to do something different. And the ingenious idea of dipping cells in low pH worked out! Inspirations all around us, we need to keep eyes open, a bit wider.

Lateral thinking is vital in biology and science in general, I say!

This post is also available in our lab blog – wattlab blog. Please visit for more interesting topics and discussions.

Further reading

S. W. Hawking (2014) Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting for Black Holes. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.5761.

Obokata et al., (2014) Stimulus-triggered fate conversion of somatic cells into pluripotency. Nature. 505, 641–647.

Obokata et al., (2014) Bidirectional developmental potential in reprogrammed cells with acquired pluripotency. Nature. 505, 676–680.

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This two-week course combines lectures and practical sessions to leading edge technologies and questions in stem cells biology in the context of organogenesis and regeneration in different organisms.

This course is intended for research scientists and PhD students who already have laboratory experience and a good knowledge (equivalent to a Master level) in developmental and cell biology. It provides a wide scope of how stem cells have adopted strategies to effect organogenesis and regeneration in different organisms.

The practical part covers methods and techniques that will allow participants to reproduce state of the art technologies in their own research activities. Leading-edge approaches in identification, derivation, analysis and imaging of stem cells will be presented. Distinct model systems and organisms have been chosen to expose the participants to the advantages and challenges in each paradigm and to provide added insights into the biology of stem cells. The models include mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila, and ES and iPS cells.

Lectures will be presented by selected speakers who investigate not only stem cells but also use innovative technologies.

Networking and discussion opportunities will be enhanced by the convivial formal and ad hoc discussion sessions in the teaching facilities.

For more detailed information the program of the 2013 course can be dowloaded (at http://www.pasteur.fr/sites/www.pasteur.fr/files/programme_ascb.pdf); some topics and practical sessions might change from year to year, without altering the general frame and means of the course.

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Of all the types of stem cells, there is a kind than can be a lot more scary than beautiful: the cancer stem cell. Although the concept of cancer stem cell is still controversial among the scientific community, it is of great medical interest to further understand these cells so that we develop better strategies to tackle them. Cancer stem cells are described as cells with regular stem cell characteristics, they can – self renew (make identical copies of themselves) and – differentiate (give rise to multiple cell types). However, contrary to normal stem cells, they can also give rise to malignant tumors.

Since normal stem cells and cancer stem cells share many characteristics, it is a major challenge to identify molecules (also called markers) that are specifically located on malignant cells and not healthy ones, or mechanisms that are important for the function of malignant cells but not for the function of healthy ones.

In a recent study published in Cell Reports, Lathia and colleagues showed that the junctional adhesion molecule JAM-A was essential for the survival and growth of the cancer stem cells found in glioblastoma, a type of brain tumor; but dispensable for normal brain stem cell function.

In this image, you can observe cancer stem cells obtained from a patient’s glioblastoma and grown in-vitro. In green is JAM-A protein, in red is α-6 integrin protein, and in blue are cell nuclei. Overlap of the green and red (yellow) shows that cells that express α-6 integrin also express JAM-A. Since α-6 integrin was shown to be a marker for glioblastoma cancer stem cells in a previous study by the same group, this picture confirms that JAM-A, being located on the same cells as α-6 integrin, can also be used as a marker for glioblastoma cancer stem cell.

Further down in the study, Lathia and colleagues show that JAM-A is almost undetectable on healthy brain stem cells. Also, blocking of JAM-A reduces cancer stem cell growth but does not affect the growth and function of other healthy brain stem cells. Altogether, since JAM-A is specifically important to glioblastoma cancer stem cell function, it could a promising therapeutic target for treating this type of cancer, making those stem cells a little less scary.

Lathia, J. D., Li, M., Sinyuk, M., Alvarado, A. G., Flavahan, W. A., Stoltz, K., Rosager, A. M., Hale, J., Hitomi, M., Gallagher, J. et al. (2014) ‘High-throughput flow cytometry screening reveals a role for junctional adhesion molecule a as a cancer stem cell maintenance factor’, Cell Rep 6(1): 117-29.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.043

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Young Group Leader Positions

in Stem Cell Biology

The Institut Pasteur (Paris, France) announces an international call for candidates wishing to establish independent research groups. The recruitments are part of the Revive Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx) programme on “Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology and Medicine”. Candidates will be integrated into the cutting edge interdisciplinary environment provided by the Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology. Candidates specializing in the field of stem cells in the context of developmental and cell biology, genetics, epigenetics, regeneration, translational research and ageing are encouraged to apply.

To be eligible, candidates must have defended their PhD on or after June 15, 2006 (women with children are eligible up to 11 yrs after their Ph.D). Successful candidates will be appointed as head of a group of up to 6 people for a period of 5 years. The budget (up to €1,500,000 over 5 years) includes the salary for the group leader, a three-year postdoctoral position, a technician’s position, part-time secretarial assistance, a substantial contribution to running costs and equipment, and access to on-campus facilities including state-of-the-art technology core facilities. Candidates should send their formal applications by E-mail to the Director of Scientific Evaluation, Prof. Alain Israël, at the Institut Pasteur (g5revive@pasteur.fr).

Application deadline: June 15, 2014

Short-listed candidates will be contacted for interview to be scheduled for beginning of September 2014 and recruitment decisions announced by October 2014. Further information on the Revive program can be found at http://www.pasteur.fr/revive

Applicants should provide the following (in order) in a single pdf file:

1. A brief introductory letter of motivation, including the name of the proposed group. Candidates are encouraged to contact the coordinator of the Revive programme Shahragim Tajbakhsh (shaht@pasteur.fr).

2. A Curriculum Vitae and a full publication list.

3. A description of past and present research activities (up to 5 pages with 1.5 spacing; Times 11 or Arial 10 font size).

4. The proposed research project (up 10 pages with 1.5 spacing; ; Times 11 or Arial 10 font size).

5. The names of 3 scientists from whom letters of recommendation can be sought, together with the names of scientists with a potential conflict of interest from whom evaluations should not be requested.

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An exciting opportunity exists for a highly motivated individual to join the Epidermal Development Laboratory in the Department of Medicine. The group has an interest in understanding the mechanisms underpinning epidermal development and homeostasis.

As the Research Officer or Senior Research Officer, you will investigate the genetic pathways which regulate vertebrate craniofacial development, with a focus on Grhl2, one of the genes responsible for facial skeletal development. The project will involve molecular and cellular experiments, histology and animal handling.

Any Enquiries to

Dr Sebastian Dworkin, Senior Research Fellow, +61 3 9903 0072

For more details visit : http://www.seek.com.au/job/25919366

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IIMCB (http://iimcb.gov.pl) is the top-ranked Polish research institute in the field of biology.

The institute provides cutting-edge equipment and facilities, including a newly established zebrafish facility, bioimaging facilities, strong bioinformatics cluster, and structural biology. The IIMCB is committed to provide a supportive and inclusive work environment.

A full time technical assistant position is available starting from April 2014 for a highly motivated researcher in the laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics. This position is funded by the EC FP7 grant “FishMed – Fishing for medicines and their targets using zebrafish models of human diseases” and will be available for 2 years with the possibility of extension.

The group will apply state-of-the-art genomics approach to study the gene regulatory networks regulating embryonic development in zebrafish. Responsibilities include providing technical expertise to support research (e.g. general molecular biology and biochemistry techniques, FACS, in situ hybridization, microscopy, zebrafish embryo techniques), and general management of the laboratory which include keeping track and purchasing of laboratory stock reagents or equipment.

Position requirements

The candidate should hold a first degree in biology or other equivalent fields and demonstrated laboratory experience with expertise in basic molecular biology and biochemistry techniques including nucleic acid and protein isolation, molecular cloning, real-time PCR, and western blot among others. Experience with FACS, preparation of next generation sequencing libraries, and working with zebrafish is highly desirable but not essential. The ideal candidate should be self-motivated and have excellent organisational skill and attention to detail. He/she must be capable to work as part of a team and possess good communication and interpersonal skills.

The successful candidate is expected to start work by 1st of April, 2014. We offer a competitive monthly salary which is adjusted to the cost of living in Warsaw.

Please forward your complete application including a CV, a motivation letter, and the names of two referees to cwinata[at]iimcb.gov.pl by 15th of March, 2014.

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Two postdoctoral positions in zebrafish developmental genomics, IIMCB, Warsaw, Poland

IIMCB (http://iimcb.gov.pl) is the top-ranked Polish research institute in the field of biology.

The institute provides cutting-edge equipment and facilities, including a newly established zebrafish facility, bioimaging facilities, strong bioinformatics cluster, and structural biology. IIMCB is committed to provide a supportive and inclusive work environment.

The laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics was setup in partnership with the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research (MPI-HLR), as part of the EC FP7 grant “FishMed – Fishing for medicines and their targets using zebrafish models of human diseases”. Our research applies state-of-the-art genomics approach to study the mechanism of embryonic development. The current focus of our research is to elucidate the gene regulatory networks and epigenetic mechanisms regulating various stages of heart development as the initial step towards understanding congenital malformations in human.

IIMCB invites applications from motivated and talented individuals for two postdoctoral positions in the lab of Dr. Cecilia Winata to work on the following projects:

1. Elucidating the gene regulatory network of cardiac development in zebrafish

Project background and description

The project aims to elucidate the gene regulatory networks of heart development in zebrafish. The successful applicant will apply chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to characterize downstream regulatory mechanisms of key cardiac transcription factors during several stages of heart development. The project will involve the use of molecular biology and biochemistry methods in addition to standard techniques in zebrafish research.

Position requirements

The ideal candidate should hold a PhD in molecular biology, developmental biology, biochemistry, or other relevant fields. A strong background in molecular biology and biochemistry is required. Candidates with strong interest in genomics or developmental biology are encouraged to apply. Experience in handling genomics data and research using developmental model organisms are desirable but not essential. The successful candidate will be given the opportunity to develop his/her own projects and attend international training or conference. We offer a very competitive monthly salary which is adjusted to the cost of living in Warsaw. The position is available from 1st of May 2014,  for 2 years with the possibility of extension, depending on grant or fellowship applications.

Please forward your complete application including a CV, a motivation letter, and the names of two referees to cwinata[at]iimcb.gov.pl by 1st of April 2014.

2. Epigenetics of heart development in zebrafish            

Project background and description

The planned research aims to characterize the epigenetics of heart development. The successful candidate will use the ChIP-seq method to profile the epigenome at several stages of heart development in zebrafish (wild-type and heart mutants). The project will also involve the use of techniques in molecular biology and zebrafish research.

Position requirements

The ideal candidate should hold a PhD in molecular biology, developmental biology, or other relevant fields. Expertise in molecular biology and familiarity with basic biochemistry techniques (SDS-PAGE, co-immunoprecipitation, EMSA) are essential. Candidates with strong interest in epigenetics or developmental biology are encouraged to apply. Experience in genomics, chromatin biology, and research using developmental model organisms are highly desirable but not essential. The successful candidate will be given the opportunity to develop his/her own projects and attend international training or conference. We offer a competitive monthly salary which is adjusted to the cost of living in Warsaw. The position is available from 1st of May 2014, for 2 years with the possibility of extension, depending on grant or fellowship applications.

Please forward your complete application including a CV, a motivation letter, and the names of two referees to cwinata[at]iimcb.gov.pl by 1st of April 2014.

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A post-doctoral position is available in the Neurodevelopment Team at the iBV, Nice, France, to create and study new mouse genetic models that, together with the established Otx2 conditional knockout model, will help disentangling the roles of Otx proteins in retinal development and function. The project will use the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to generate new alleles that will be instrumental to characterize the repertoire of target genes of Otx family members. Our approach is based on a strategy that was successfully used for Otx2 and that led to the identification of new genes relevant to retinal diseases. We will take advantage of time series analyses of gene expression by RNA-seq to achieve a non-biased identification of direct target genes.

The candidate will contribute to the creation of new mouse genetic models aimed at deciphering to which extent Otx proteins act redundantly in development. Candidates should hold a PhD in cellular and molecular biology. Experience in mouse molecular genetics is required. The successful candidate will possess strong self-motivation, excellent written and spoken English communication skills and team spirit.

The institute of Biology Valrose, (iBV http://ibv.unice.fr), is a leading Center for research in cellular and developmental biology. It is located on the Valrose Campus of the University of Nice. It hosts an international PhD program and welcomes post-doctoral researchers from more than 20 countries, which makes it very lively. Nice is a beautiful city on the French Riviera with a cosmopolitan lifestyle.

Please send full CV including research interests and the name of 2-3 referees by email to Thomas Lamonerie (lamonerie@unice.fr)
iBV, UMR UNS CNRS7277 INSERM1091, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis
Parc Valrose, 28 avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice cedex 2, France.

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The team “Physics of the Cytoskeleton and Morphogenesis” wishes to recruit an engineer during 24 month on a project funded by the BPI-France (ex-OSEO). One of the perspectives of this contract is to set-up a strong application for a permanent position in the team.

Our team studies the physical rules regulating cell architecture and internal organization. To that end, we developed surface micro-fabrication techniques (J Cell Science 2012, Lab On Chip 2011) in order to impose spatial boundary conditions to cytoskeleton self-organization. These geometrical and mechanical processes are investigated in cells (Nature Cell Biology 2013, PNAS 2012, JCB 2010) and in vitro with reconstituted systems made of purified proteins (Nature Materials 2013, Science 2012, Nature Materials 2010).

Our lab has now a new unit in the Hopital Saint Louis in Paris where we have established a joint lab with the Cell Based Therapy Unit in order to develop new tools to study and control mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.

The candidate will be in charge of the microscopes (video-microscopy, spinning-disc, FRAP 4D, nano-ablation) and the microfabrication platform (lithography, laser-based nano-patterning, microfluidics). He/she will have to train new lab members, and contribute to the technic parts of their research project. In parallel, he/she will be in charge of the purchase of the new equipments and the technological development of the team. Therefore, he/she will have to keep an exhaustive bibliography up-to-date, write regularly methodologic articles to describe his/her progress and participate to international meetings.

The candidate should be trained in physics and chemistry with a master, or preferably a PhD, diploma. He/she will have to masterize most imaging methods (wide field, confocal and possibly super-resolution) and be familiar with the use of lasers (including pulsed-lasers). Programming in various languages (c, java, python) will be required to drive external devices on experimental set-ups and to automatize image acquisition and analysis. A working experience on microfabrication and surface chemistry would be appreciated although not required. Above all, the candidate should prove his/her deep interest in technological innovation.

The candidate should be highly organized and capable to plan and perform several tasks in parallel. Considering that the work will be at the nexus of the lab organization, he/she will have to know how to work in a team and be very pedagogical. In addition to the required curiosity and creativity for technological innovation, the candidate should like to serve and help to contribute to lab member’s experimental success.

To know more about the team: www.cytomorpholab.com

Starting date: NOW

Working site: Paris, Hopital Saint Louis, Cell therapy unit.

Contact : Manuel Théry, manuel.thery@cea.fr

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The team “Physics of the Cytoskeleton and Morphogenesis” is looking for a PhD candidate to apply for a 3-year scholarship from the IRTELIS program (CEA). The work will be performed in Paris, at the Hospital Saint Louis, in collaboration with Cell Therapy Unit.

Our team studies the physical rules regulating cell architecture and internal organization. To that end, we developed surface micro-fabrication techniques (J Cell Science 2012, Lab On Chip 2011) in order to impose spatial boundary conditions to cytoskeleton self-organization. These geometrical and mechanical processes are investigated in cells (Nature Cell Biology 2013, PNAS 2012, JCB 2010) and in vitro with reconstituted systems made of purified proteins (Nature Materials 2013, Science 2012, Nature Materials 2010).

In vivo, stem cells are submitted to geometrical and mechanical constraints that impact their biology and can, for instance, modulate their commitment to different lineages. Most efforts in the field are directed toward the investigation of the regulation of gene expression by the production of mechanical constraints on the nucleus. Our project rather focuses on symmetry breaking and cell polarization. We recently showed that these biases in the spatial organization of cell architecture can impact the symmetry of stem cell division and the fate of their progeny (Cell Reports 2013). The purpose of the proposed work is to use microfabrication tools to engineer artificial stem cell niches in which the contribution of physical cues could be controlled and modulated. Thereby we will investigate the role of these parameters in stem cell polarization and differentiation.

This subject has been pre-selected by the IRTELIS committee. We now look for a master student with a good background in cell and molecular biology and/or micro/nano-fabrication. The deadline for application on the IRTELIS website is 2014 March 21st.

It is recommended that candidates contact us (manuel.thery@cea.fr) before submitting  their application.

To have further informations about our lab please visit our website: www.cytomorpholab.com

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