Cytokinetic Abscission In the final step of cell division, the bridge connecting the cells is cut to give rise to two separate daughter cells – a fascinating process I have been working on since I started my PhD. This is a variation of my very first science-themed drawing, which I overlaid with an immunofluorescence staining labeling microtubules (green) and DNA (blue) – a combination of a hand-drawn illustration with real microscopy images that quite literally fuses science and art.

I have always loved science, and have always loved art – I combine these passions to illustrate scientific themes with an artistic twist. With my illustrations, I aim to highlight fundamental scientific aspects in an unconventional and refreshing way. I want to add some creativity to the conventional forms of scientific communication, with the aim to spark interest inside and outside the scientific community. I create my drawings for everyone to enjoy – for scientists to appreciate biological findings in a less serious way, and for non-scientists to grasp fundamental biological principles.

I used to draw a lot before studying Molecular Biology at the University of Vienna and the ETH Zürich in Switzerland. I recently completed my PhD in Daniel Gerlich’s group at the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), during which I made my very first science-themed drawing back in 2013. My PhD research focused on cytokinetic abscission, the final step of cell division (shown above, click on images for full size). When I showed that drawing as part of my scientific presentations, I realized that it sparked interest and tended to stay in people’s memories. This is when I discovered that adding an artistic twist to science creates a unique way to communicate science.

An Unconventional Take on Scientific Presentations. This picture was taken during my presentation for the Kirsten Peter Rabitsch Award, which I had the honor to receive for my PhD research earlier this year – in it you can see a new version of my very first science drawing.

An Unconventional Take on Scientific Presentations.This picture was taken during my presentation for the Kirsten Peter Rabitsch Award, which I had the honor to receive for my PhD research earlier this year – in it you can see a new version of my very first science drawing.

Being part of an institute that encourages creativity has helped me immensely to develop my artistic approaches. I participated in yearly campus-wide ‘Art & Science’ contests, where I experimented with drawing portraits of my colleagues and making a dress to illustrate my research project.

When Devotion Begets Emotion. These portraits of my fellow PhD students illustrate the intense emotions researchers face in everyday life in the lab. These drawings were part of a contribution to the Art & Science contest at the Vienna Biocenter, for which my team received the first prize in 2013.

The ‘ESCRT’ Dress. Cytokinetic abscission is mediated by a machinery composed of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-III, which forms polymers that constrict the intercellular bridge until the membranes split. I created this “ESCRT” dress to illustrate how ESCRT-III separates the emerging daughter cells during abscission.

The ‘ESCRT’ Dress. Cytokinetic abscission is mediated by a machinery composed of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-III, which forms polymers that constrict the intercellular bridge until the membranes split. I created this “ESCRT” dress to illustrate how ESCRT-III separates the emerging daughter cells during abscission.

I began pursuing scientific art after having my drawing selected for the cover and abstract book of the Cell Cycle Meeting in Cold Spring Harbor. The positive feedback I received there was an incredibly rewarding experience that encouraged me to start creating artwork for other people’s research as well as my own. Since then, I continue making scientific illustrations, one of which was recently featured on the EMBO Journal cover.

This EMBO Journal cover accompanies a paper on mammalian brain development I was involved in during my Master’s Thesis. The compass represents how the angle of the mitotic spindle in dividing cells affects their ultimate position within the brain – similar to a compass guiding the way to a location on a map.

EMBO Journal Cover. This EMBO Journal cover accompanies a paper on mammalian brain development I was involved in during my Master’s Thesis. The compass represents how the angle of the mitotic spindle in dividing cells affects their ultimate position within the brain – similar to a compass guiding the way to a location on a map.

I also began making artistic interpretations of recent scientific discoveries. Below is a small gallery of my illustrations for press releases that highlight recent publications.

Before chromosomes can be segregated during cell division, they have to cover themselves with a protein that acts similar to soap to prevent them from sticking together. This drawing is part of a press release for a recent discovery of a protein that acts as a surfactant to disperse chromosomes during anaphase.

The ribosome is a fascinating molecular machine that produces proteins. It reads the genetic code on our messenger RNA and translates them into proteins by linking the correct amino acids into a long chain. The ribosome consists of two huge subunits that twist against each other to drive this process of translation

Aside from highlighting research findings, I also began making illustrations for other purposes. For a popular science magazine, I created a less serious drawing illustrating the myth of the “five-second rule”, which suggests that bacteria will wait patiently before contaminating food that has been dropped on the ground.

Illustration for an article in the German version of Scientific American ‘Spektrum der Wissenschaft’.

Five-Second Rule.  Illustration for an article in the German version of Scientific American ‘Spektrum der Wissenschaft’.

I also had the wonderful opportunity to design the poster for the PhD symposium at the Vienna Biocenter titled ‘Mind the App’, as part of the organizing committee. For this illustration, as well as many of my others, I started by making a hand-drawn black and white sketch using pencils, and overlaid the colors digitally afterwards. I then added the apps on the phone to highlight the diverse applications of basic research that were covered at the conference.

Basic research gives rise to many ‘applications’. Poster of the ‘Mind the App’ VBC PhD Symposium at the Vienna Biocenter.

Basic research gives rise to many ‘applications’. Poster of the ‘Mind the App’ VBC PhD Symposium at the Vienna Biocenter.

Mind the App. Basic research gives rise to many ‘applications’. Poster of the ‘Mind the App’ VBC PhD Symposium at the Vienna Biocenter.

When I first started drawing, I mainly focused on creating portraits – in this illustration I got back to my roots to make a short animation about everyday life in the lab.

Failed Experiment. An unsuccessful experiment can bring up very intense emotions, which every scientist is certainly familiar with. I created these drawings for an animation to be used in a video for the PhD Program at the Vienna Biocenter

I love the challenge of capturing the essence of scientific discoveries in an aesthetic and abstract way, and I am very excited for many more artistic adventures to come. Every drawing is an experiment!

Check out my website (www.beatascienceart.com) for recent updates and a complete gallery.
 
All images © 2016 Beata Edyta Mierzwa

(12 votes)

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On April 3-4, 2017 scientists from around Europe will be converging on Munich, Germany for the next meeting in the Abcam Brain meeting series – Programming and Reprogramming the Brain. Organizers, Benedikt Berninger (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) and Paola Arlotta (Harvard University) have put together a fantastic line up of speakers (see preliminary program).

This two-day meeting will provide a forum for presentations and discussions on the emerging field of brain development, reprogramming and modeling with a focus on new genome wide tools to understand biological processes with single-cell resolution.

Call for abstracts

Talk and poster places are available, so don’t wait, submit your abstract today!

• Talk deadline: December 15, 2016
• Poster deadline: February 6, 2017

We hope to see you in beautiful Munich next year!

Meeting topics

• Modeling human brain development from pluripotent stem cells
• Programming and maintenance of cell identity in the CNS
• Development-inspired reprogramming of the brain
• Decoding CNS complexity with single-cell resolution

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A new eLearning resource that provides short and interactive vignettes in embryo (primarily vertebrate) development, from gametogenesis through to organogenesis, is available from the eMouseAtlas^1,2 website (www.emouseatlas.org).

The current eLearning content are the tutorials produced by Professor José García Monterde of the University of Córdoba, and the presentation from collaboration between Professor Monterde and the eMouseAtlas project.

The resource describes the development of various anatomical systems including the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and musculo-skeletal system, and additionally introduces core developmental biology concepts such as gastrulation, placentation, and the formation of the germ layers.

eLearning Topics

• Gametogenesis and fertilization
• Cleavage
• Gastrulation
• Some Basic Concepts
• Germ layer derivatives
• Fetal Membranes and Placentation
• Cardiovascular System
• Pharynx and branchial arches
• Respiratory System and Coelomic Cavities
• Digestive System
• Urogenital system
• Musculo-Skeletal system
• Nervous system

The resource combines illustrative animations of embryonic development with interactive 3D visualisations of mouse developmental anatomy. The newly developed 3D viewer enables arbitrary sections to be sliced through embryo models.

The eLearning tutorials additionally link to gene expression patterns associated with developing organ systems, the cellular-resolution eHistology atlas and the DMDD (DMDD.org.uk) database of embryonic lethal phenotypes.

eLearning is freely available for both teaching and research purposes. eMouseAtlas continues to develop tools and resources that enable students and researchers to understand the concepts underpinning embryonic development. In this context we are willing to host learning materials on behalf of the community.

References

1. Armit C, Richardson L, Hill B, Yang Y, Baldock RA (2015) eMouseAtlas Informatics: Embryo Atlas and Gene Expression Database. Mamm Genome. 26:431-40. doi: 10.1007/s00335-015-9596-5
2. Richardson L, Venkataraman S, Stevenson P, Yang Y, Moss J, Graham L, Burton N, Hill B, Rao J, Baldock RA, Armit C (2014). EMAGE mouse embryo spatial gene expression database: (2014 update) Nucleic Acids Res. 42(1):D835-44. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1155

(4 votes)

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Job Location: Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Development of Musculo-Skeletal Axis/Pourquié Lab, Boston MA

JOB SUMMARY:

Working under the general supervision of the Principal Investigator and on a day-to-day basis instructed by the Lab manager and Project supervisor(s) to contribute to research activities and lab operations to reach scientific goals. In accordance with established hospital policies and procedures, executes experiments involving in vitro protocols and cellular models for research studies targeting skeletal muscle, spine, dermis (paraxial mesoderm) development. Work additionally with in vivo embryo experimental systems (mouse, chicken). In addition, responsible for maintaining a moderately complex murine colony, laboratory supply inventory, cell culture room operation, and supporting lab safety compliance.

Principal duties and responsibilities will be:

1. Conducts research protocols autonomously and/or in team involving in vitro protocols and cellular models for research studies targeting skeletal muscles, spine and dermis (paraxial mesoderm) development.
2. Using aseptic technique, maintains tissue cultures and manipulates cell lines in a variety of complex experimental conditions including live-cell microscopy/imaging, library screens, and flow cytometry.
3. Tasks include processing cell culture, embryonic tissue for live-cell or histologic examination and conducting subsequent immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. Perform procedures such as DNA extraction, conventional PCR and real time PCR, western blotting, and time-lapse imaging.
4. Establishes and maintains a moderately complex mouse colony for the laboratory with responsibility for proper care, counts, inventory. May performs injections, some surgical procedures, microdissection and necropsy, following established and approved protocols. In collaboration with Project supervisor(s) , establishes new and modifies existing research methodologies and protocols.
5. Collect and Analyzes data , assists with data preparation toward manuscript publication and grant applications.
6. Documents accurately experimental work and research output
7. Reports and discusses progress of work regularly with Project supervisor and Principal Investigator.
8. Maintains lab supplies and reagent inventories
9. Coordinates lab compliance with institutional policies and procedures in the areas of safety, environmental and infection control, under Lab manager supervision
10. Assist in orientating and training new lab members, rotation students in area of expertise when required.
11. Perform all other duties and responsibilities as directed, including both research and administrative duties.

Qualifications:

• Master of Science in a biological science required.
• Minimum 3 year hands-on experience with cell culture assays, preferably pluripotent stem cells.
• Experience with laboratory mouse colony maintenance helpful, but not required.

Skills/Abilities/Competencies Required:

• Sound analytical and organizational skills.
• High degree of computer literacy.
• Careful attention to detail with good, detail-oriented observational skills.
• Willingness and ability to conduct in vivo (mouse) experiments.
• Excellent oral and written communication skills.
• Must have sound interpersonal skills. Ability to constructively interact with members of a research team to pursue scientific goals is a necessity.
• Ability to work closely with Project supervisor (s)

Working Conditions:

• Normal research laboratory environment.
• Exposure to laboratory reagents, chemicals, and animal and human tissues under controlled conditions. Minimal risk when following established protocols and federal, state, and hospital guidelines.

To apply to this position please send your resume and cover letter to jchal@partners.org

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The Company of Biologists is a not-for-profit publishing organisation dedicated to supporting and inspiring the biological community. We currently have two opportunities available in our Cambridge office.

Journal Website Content Manager

We are creating an exciting new role to enhance the community content on our journal websites.

We publish five important journals that serve the biological research community. All have effective publishing platforms and a good social media presence. We now seek to extend our community engagement, raise awareness of our charitable activities and build connections with early career scientists.

Read more here

Intern for Disease Models & Mechanisms

DMM is looking for an enthusiastic intern who wishes to gain experience in science publishing, including writing press releases, contributing to our social media activities, and supporting our Reviews Editor with commissioned articles. The internship is envisaged to last for 9 months at a salary of £20,000 per annum pro rata.

Our interns have a great track record of continuing on into important publishing roles.

Read more here

You can learn more about what The Company of Biologists does here:

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Drosophila hematopoiesis shows striking resemblance with that of vertebrates, both at the level of signalling molecules and the phase of development. Even though there has been no report of Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in Drosophila, this model has been employed extensively to understand progenitor biology and niche interactions. The Drosophila blood cells are specialised precursor cells (present within the hematopoietic organ: the lymph gland), that show several similarities with stem cells. They are known to differentiate into mature blood cells of the fruit fly. Our new study identifies the “founder cells” or the “stem cells” that give rise to these specialised blood-progenitors.

How it started off:

Our team was involved in detailed characterisation of signals which are required for the maintenance of the larval hematopoietic niche. To understand the dynamicity of the expression pattern of a battery of niche markers, we ventured into dissecting the larval lymph gland of the early first instar. Analysing a newly emerged larvae, about 8 hrs old, we encountered a group of large cells that always aligned themselves near the dorsal vessel or larval heart. We started calling them “Big Cells”. It turned out that these cells expressed several markers seen in other described stem cells.

Founder Cells or HSCs:

The very fact that they stood out almost every time in a early instar lymph gland caught our attention, and we felt tempted to characterise them. Our attempt to trace them throughout development revealed that although the “Big Cells” do not die, they could not be tracked beyond 22 hours post hatching. We argued that maybe they were changing their fate. Indeed, on lineage tracing of these cells and analysing them at various time point of development, we could see that they are actually converted to blood progenitor cells. Analysing the same genotype at mature third instar larval stages indicated that not only progenitors but also differentiated cells are lineage traced. This clearly indicates that the “Big Cells” are multi-potent in their nature. As a functional correlate, we genetically ablated the “Big Cells” and analysed the consequence on the mature lymph gland. Remarkably, the elimination of these 4-5 “Big Cells” drastically reduced the size of the gland.

The final climax:

At this point we were thrilled that we had a fine story to tell about the elusive founder cells of Drosophila lymph gland. But a stem cell story without niche is not complete! We therefore entered into a spree to nail down the niche and the signal. Our suspicion was on the already described progenitor niche known to maintain the precursor cells. Since this niche is specified in embryo and is the most differentiated cell type in the first instar lymph gland, we speculated that it might also be serving as the niche for the HSCs. Our expression studies demonstrated that HSCs are enriched in phosphorylated Mad (pMAD), a pathway effector of Dpp signalling. To start with, therefore, we down regulated pMad from the HSCs. This resulted in their disappearance and a concomitant reduction in lymph gland size. Strikingly, on knock down of Dpp signalling from the progenitor niche, the HSCs failed to self-renew, clearly validating that Dpp signalling from the progenitor niche is its source of sustenance. It is to be noted that vertebrate early HSCs are also maintained by BMP (vertebrate counterpart of Dpp) signalling.

What are the implications:

With the identification of the early HSCs and the signal that maintains in Drosophila larvae, we have not only demonstrated the conservation with vertebrates, but put forward a model that can be used for answering several questions pertinent to vertebrate early blood development, both in normal as well as aberrant conditions.

MAIN PAPER:
Dpp dependent Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to Hh dependent blood progenitors in larval lymph gland of Drosophila. 10.7554/eLife.18295

References:

Drevon, C., and T. Jaffredo. 2014. “Cell interactions and cell signaling during hematopoietic development.” Exp Cell Res 329 (2):200-6. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.009.

Durand, C., C. Robin, K. Bollerot, M. H. Baron, K. Ottersbach, and E. Dzierzak. 2007. “Embryonic stromal clones reveal developmental regulators of definitive hematopoietic stem cells.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 (52):20838-43. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0706923105.

Evans, C., Olson, J., Ngo, K., Kim, E., Lee, N., Kuoy, E., Patananan, A., Sitz, D., Tran, P., Do, M., Yackle, K., Cespedes, A., Hartenstein, V., Call, G., & Banerjee, U. (2009). G-TRACE: rapid Gal4-based cell lineage analysis in Drosophila Nature Methods, 6 (8), 603-605 DOI:10.1038/nmeth.1356

Evans, C.J., Sinenko, S.A., Mandal, L., Martinez-Agosto, J.A., Hartenstein, V., & Banerjee, U. (2007). Genetic Dissection of Hematopoiesis Using Drosophila as a Model SystemAdvances in Developmental Biology, 18, 259-299 DOI: 10.1016/S1574-3349(07)18011-X

Jung, S. H., C. J. Evans, C. Uemura, and U. Banerjee. 2005. “The Drosophila lymph gland as a developmental model of hematopoiesis.” Development 132 (11):2521-33. doi: 10.1242/dev.01837.

Mandal, L., Banerjee, U., & Hartenstein, V. (2004). Evidence for a fruit fly hemangioblast and similarities between lymph-gland hematopoiesis in fruit fly and mammal aorta-gonadal-mesonephros mesoderm Nature Genetics, 36 (9), 1019-1023 DOI: 10.1038/ng1404

(5 votes)

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Wellcome exists to improve health for everyone by helping great ideas to thrive. We’re a global charitable foundation, both politically and financially independent. We support scientists and researchers, take on big problems, fuel imaginations and spark debate.

We are seeking up to two Science Portfolio Advisers or Developers to contribute to managing the Cellular and Developmental Sciences portfolio within our Science division. You will liaise with internal and external stakeholders, including other funders, and provide our community of researchers with support and advice. You will need to keep abreast of the scientific field and attend key national and international conferences in the field.

To be successful in this role you will need to have a PhD and postdoctoral scientific experience in a relevant discipline. Some experience working outside academia in a research, funding or policy role is desirable although not necessary.

You should be confident interacting with your peers and the external scientific community. You will also be able to demonstrate that you can:

• see the big picture and recognise scientific potential and opportunities
• assimilate complex issues and work across science areas
• lead and manage teams
• communicate effectively and confidently with individuals and groups
• work effectively and cooperatively within a team/matrix structure
• apply your strong analytical and written skills to the development of briefing/position documents.

The salary will be between £36,000 and £52,000 plus benefits, depending on your experience.

To apply, please complete the online application process and ensure your covering letter explains how you meet the criteria for this job.

Apply URL: https://krb-sjobs.brassring.com/TGnewUI/Search/home/HomeWithPreLoad?PageType=JobDetails&partnerid=30160&siteid=5284&areq=10br&code=TheNode 

Closing date for applications: 18 December

Interview date: January (TBC)

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Author Summary of “A gene regulatory network for apical organ neurogenesis and its spatial control in sea star embryos”.

Alys M. Cheatle Jarvela, Kristen A. Yankura, Veronica F. Hinman

Development 2016 143: 4214-4223; doi: 10.1242/dev.134999

Very similar cell types are found across the animal tree of life. Much of animal diversity, therefore, arises not from the formation of new cells, but from the evolution of the developmental control of the numbers and patterns of orthologous cell types. Neural cells types are a particularly interesting example of this phenomenon. Almost all animals make serotonergic neurons, and for example, these neurons form at the anterior pole of many invertebrate larval types and in the anterior nervous systems of vertebrates. The numbers, distribution, and relative locations of serotonergic neurons are however quite varied. Thus animal gene regulatory networks (GRNs) must function to make this very conserved neural type, but be able to evolve the patterning and numbers of these cells.

We have used the sea star, Patiria miniata, as a model system to ask how serotonergic neurons are made, and how they are positioned, so that we can understand this phenomenon. Sea stars are representatives of one class (Asteriodea) of the Phylum Echinodermata, which also include sea urchins (Cl. Echinoidea), and sea cucumbers (Cl. Holothuroidea). The sea star larvae, like the larvae of many invertebrate marine organisms has just a small number of serotonergic cells and these are readily visualized by immuno-localization using an antibody against serotonin (Fig 1).

Figure 1. Immuno-localization of serotonergic neurons in the sea star bipinnaria larva. Lateral view, mouth is to the right, anterior is up, and dorsal ganglion is top left.

From previous work (Yankura et al., 2013) it was known that there are many soxc expressing cells scattered throughout the ectoderm in the two-day old gastrula that will form, not only the serotonergic neurons, but also other types of neurons in the later three to four-day larva. However, by the time neurons differentiate into various neural subtypes, the expression of soxc is extinguished. These cells were therefore labeled with a stable GFP construct to show that cells that originally express soxc do indeed end up forming serotonergic neurons (as well as other neural cell types) (Fig 2). Thus soxc+ cells in sea stars are neural progenitors, and these progenitors are distributed broadly across the ectoderm. The progression of these progenitors to differentiated neurons occurs through a series of asymmetric divisions (Fig 2). In particular one of the soxc+ daughters will express the LIM homeodomain transcription factor lhx2/9, and in turn lhx2/9 expressing cells will undergo both symmetric and asymmetric division, the asymmetric division producing a finally differentiated serotonergic neuron. Thus the lhx2/9 cells represent a proliferating, more restricted pool of serotonergic progenitors.

Figure 2. A stable GFP construct, driven by the soxc cis-regulatory region, is localised to neurons of the dorsal ganglion in the larval stage on left image. Right image: soxc expression cells (green) are found scattered throughout the ectoderm in the earlier gastrula. One of the soxc+ daughter cells expresses lhx2/9 (pink) in only the more anterior territory.

Next, the spatial domains in which these asymmetric divisions were occurring was examined. It has been known for many years that many animals, including the sea star larva (Yankura et al., 2010), share a remarkably conserved patterning along the AP axis. Genes with roles in patterning the anterior-most nervous system in vertebrates, for example, are also expressed in the most anterior regions of the larvae, and genes involved with patterning midbrain-hindbrain region are expressed at the posterior boundary of the ectoderm. This new work now shows that these AP domains control neural progression. That is, soxc+ cells divide to produce two soxc+ cells in the posterior zone, asymmetrically divide to produce an lhx2/9+ sister in the intermediate zone; lhx2/9+ cells will also divide symmetrically in this mid-zone, and will exit proliferation and become differentiated neuron in only the anterior-most, foxq2 expressing zone. These AP domains, therefore, establish neural proliferation zones.

Altering the size of the AP zones caused predicted changes in neural proliferation, and therefore changed the final numbers of serotonergic neurons. This shows therefore that a function of these highly conserved territories, in sea stars at least, is to regulate neural cell type progression.

This new work, therefore shows that neural progenitors form throughout the ectoderm without regard to patterning in the sea star, and that the GRN that establishes domains along the AP axis, controls neural progression. We predict that fairly simple evolutionary changes to this patterning GRN could change the size of these territories, and hence the numbers and distributions neural cell types.

REFERENCES

Yankura, K. A., Martik, M. L., Jennings, C. K. and Hinman, V. F. (2010). Uncoupling of complex regulatory patterning during evolution of larval development in echinoderms. BMC Biol 8, 143.

Yankura, K. A., Koechlein, C. S., Cryan, A. F., Cheatle, A. and Hinman, V. F. (2013). Gene regulatory network for neurogenesis in a sea star embryo connects broad neural specification and localized patterning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110, 8591–8596.

(2 votes)

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A postdoctoral position is available to study the cellular basis of morphogenesis in vertebrate craniofacial development. This work will integrate mouse molecular genetic and human iPSC approaches with live cell imaging, cell biology and biochemistry to study signaling mechanisms in development, and how this signaling goes wrong in congenital disease (e.g. PLos Biology 2015 13(4): e1002122, http://jcb.rupress.org/content/215/2/217.long, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160615301548). The position is in the laboratory of Jeff Bush (bush.ucsf.edu) in the UCSF Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Program in Craniofacial Biology.  The laboratory is located at the UCSF Parnassus Heights campus, in the center of San Francisco. UCSF offers an outstanding developmental biology community and a supportive working environment.

Candidates with a Ph.D. degree in a biological science and research experience in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, or live cell or live embryo imaging should submit a C.V. and names of at least 2 references via email to: jeffrey.bush@ucsf.edu

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The Warwick – A*STAR Research Attachment Programme offers fully funded 4 year PhD studentships in Molecular Cell Biology and Microbiology, with students spending 2 years at Warwick and 2 years in Singapore at an A*STAR institute.

See available projects here: https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/med/study/arap/projects/

Applications for 2017 entry are currently OPEN.

Academic Requirements

• A strong 1st or an upper 2nd undergraduate degree (or equivalent international qualifications) in Physical Sciences (e.g. Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science, Mathematics, Plant Sciences) or Life Sciences (e.g. Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Science).
• Maths ‘A’ level or equivalent training is desirable.
• Research training will be given in both Warwick and Singapore. Nonetheless, previous practical laboratory experience may be an advantage.

Application Procedure

To apply please send us:

• a CV and covering letter

• 2 satisfactory academic references
• Where appropriate, an English Language test certificate – acceptable tests can be found on the Study section of the Warwick website.
• and also apply via the University’s online Postgraduate Application form HERE (please note that you are applying for course B93R PhD Molecular Biomedicine).

Submit these to: ARAP@warwick.ac.uk

• Application deadline (for Spring 2017 entry): 29 Nov 2016
  

• Interviews will be held on two days in early 2017. Dates TBC.

Eligibility

• UK citizens
• EU citizens

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