Ansley Conchola (MSTP MD/PhD candidate in Jason Spence‘s lab at the University of Michigan Medical School) ‘Stable iPSC-derived NKX2-1+ lung bud tip progenitor organoids give rise to airway and alveolar cell types’
Sham Tlili (CNRS research investigator at the Marseille Developmental Biology Institute (IBDM) in Aix-Marseille University) ‘A microfluidic platform to investigate the role of mechanical constraints on tissue reorganization’
Alexandra Wehmeyer (M.D. thesis student) and Sebastian Arnold (Acting Director, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Freiburg) ‘Chimeric 3D-gastruloids – a versatile tool for studies of mammalian peri-gastrulation development’
From the common cold to COVID-19, viruses have a massive impact on our day-to-day lives, but infections that occurred millions of years ago have shaped our evolution. This is because viral genes have been incorporated into the DNA of the infected host and then passed down the generations, often developing different functions over time. Now, in a study published in Development, Dr Fumitoshi Ishino, Professor of Molecular Biology at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan, and Dr Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino, Professor of Molecular Biology at the Tokai University, in Kanagawa, Japan, have discovered that two mouse genes, left behind by a viral infection millions of years ago, have evolved to help defend the brain against new infections.
The genes in question, known as ‘retrotransposon Gag-like’ 5 and 6 (Rtl5/Rtl6), are carried by almost all mammals, and are similar to genes found in retroviruses, such as HIV. The researchers were convinced that the genes must be doing something important, as despite coming from viruses, these inherited viral genes have been preserved in the mammalian genome for at least the last 120 million years. To work out what these genes are doing the scientists needed to know where they are active, so they looked for RTL5/6 proteins, which are only produced when genes are switched on. They discovered that Rtl5 and Rtl6 are switched on in the brain in cells called microglia, which act as the ‘first responders’ to infection. Dr Kaneko-Ishino said, “we never expected that Rtl6 and Rtl5 would function in microglia when we started this work 15 years ago, and even when we knew that Rtl6 was a microglial gene we didn’t understand its significance. Our ‘eureka moment’ came during a dissection when Dr Ishino was carefully removing a mouse brain. We realised that if instead we damaged the brain, we could activate RTL6”.
The RTL6 proteins, shown in green, guard the mouse brain capillaries (the branch-like structures in black) against ‘infection’ by clustering around the magenta-coloured bacterial mimic.
The team set up fake infections in mice brains to test how the microglia producing RTL5 or RTL6 would respond to either bacteria or viruses. They found that microglia containing RTL6 protein responded to the bacteria-like mimic, whereas the microglia with RTL5 reacted to the simulated viral infection. In addition, when the researchers removed the Rtl6 gene, they found that the mice could not eliminate the fake bacterial infections, while the mice without Rtl5 could not clear the viral mimics, meaning that together Rtl5 and Rtl6 protect the brain against two of the most common types of infection.
These results provide the first example of viral-derived genes that have been re-purposed to protect mammalian brains against infection. The idea that viruses have had such a positive impact on our lives may be surprising, but examples like Rtl5 and Rtl6 demonstrate that viral invaders can, in the long run, benefit their host. According to Dr Ishino, “virus-acquired genes are essential parts of our genome, playing various – but essential – roles in mammalian and human development. We think it is possible to extend this idea to primate- and human-specific acquired genes from retroviruses to help us understand human evolution”.
To find out more about this story check out our interview with authors Masahito Irie, Fumitoshi Ishino and Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino, for our ‘The people behind the papers’ series.
With the calendar about to click over from September to October, we are bringing you one last post highlighting some of our archive content that we hope will help make your academic year a good one! In this post, we look at getting organised, both in the lab and with your data analysis.
The topic of this post was prompted by a tweet from Teresa Rayon asking for advice on lab inventory management software, so we’ve included it below so you can see the replies that Teresa received.
#NewPI question. Can people recommend Lab-inventory management software? *Free *Web-based *Easy import/export database
@Quartzy seems a good option, any opinions for/against?
After the lab is organised and you are approaching your first experiments, you need to think about how you are going to record all your data and metadata. We have an article on The Pros and Cons of having an Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) here on the Node. The article also includes a link to five popular ELNs, updated in 2020.
We have collected below, a series of ‘how to’ guides from Joachim Goedhart, Helena Jambor, Jonas Hartmann and Steph Nowotarski covering organising, visualising and analysing data.
Once you have followed all the tips below, you are ready to present your data to the community. Helena tells us how to make a graphical abstract and how to win a poster prize (or how to make an impactful poster!)
If you have a ‘how to’ guide you would like to share, please get in touch or feel free to post it directly onto the Node. Details of how to register with the Node can be found here. You can contact us at thenode@biologists.com
Helena, Joachim and Jonas offer guides into presenting and analysing microscopy data. You can find more information on image analysis on our sister site FocalPlane, including Andrey Andreev’s recent post on presentation and analysis of calcium imaging data.
My name is Andrew Thompson, and I am an assistant professor and principal investigator of the Xtremo-Devo Lab at Western Michigan University. In our lab, we use small, colorful, tropical killifishes (Fig.1) to study how organisms adapt to extreme environments and undergo suspended animation. Killifishes include freshwater fishes in the group of Aplocheiloidei (Cyprinodontiformes) and live in small freshwater pools and streams in the tropics of South and Central America, Africa, Madagascar, India, and Southeast Asia. In fact, it is thought that “killi” is derived from the archaic Dutch word “kilde” meaning small stream or puddle.
Figure 1. A male Fundulopanchax amieti, a killifish native to Cameroon. Photo by A. Thompson.
A Seasonal Life Cycle
Some killifish species in Africa and South America live in pools that seasonally flood in a wet season and dry out in a dry season (Fig. 2). This can happen once a year, twice a year, or less predictably depending on weather and climate patterns (Costa 2002; Furness 2015). Unfortunately, for these killifish, the adults living in seasonal or annual pools are doomed to die in the dry season and the desiccation of their habitat. But as Dr. Ian Malcom from Jurassic Park might say, “life, uh, finds a way.” And killifish did find a way. Around the time dinosaurs were going extinct, Aplocheiloid Killifish were beginning to diversify (Thompson et al. 2021). They evolved superpowers that allowed some species to survive in these temporary habitats. More specifically, these “fish-out-of-water” bury their eggs in the soil that have tough specialized egg envelopes (Fig. 3) that keep water in and prevent the embryos from drying out during the dry season. These eggs can be covered in some amazing structures like filaments to bind them to the substrate, and even mushroom-like (Fig 3A) or corkscrew-like projections (Fig. 3B, Thompson et al. 2017a).
Figure 2. The life cycle of a seasonal killifish, the Rio Pearlfish, Nematolebias whitei (Thompson et al. 2022, Made with BioRender).
Figure 3. Scanning electron micrograph of annual killifish eggs: A.Notholebias fractifasciatus with mushroom-like projections. B. Plesiolebias aruana with corckscrew-like projections. Images by A. Thompson and C. Stone.
Dormancy and Diapause
But what about timing? These annual or seasonal killifishes cannot just grow and hatch like most fish when they get to a certain time in development. If they grow too fast or hatch at the wrong time, they will die upon hatching if the pools have not refilled or already dried up. Annual killifishes have a strategy that is unique among vertebrates in that they can arrest their development up to three different times as embryos buried in the soil (Fig. 2, Wourms 1972a; Wourms 1972b; Wourms 1972c). This arrested development is known as diapause, and few vertebrates are capable of this type of dormancy. During diapause, growth stops, cells stop dividing, and metabolic rate is greatly reduced. Killifish diapause can occur at three specific embryonic stages and can be skipped depending on environmental conditions such as temperature (Podrabsky et al. 2010). The first diapause occurs very early after fertilization when the embryo consists of stem cells (Fig.2, Wourms 1972b; Wourms 1972a). The second diapause stage occurs when the embryo is starting to develop organs (Fig. 2, Wourms 1972a; Wourms 1972c). The third diapause is used to delay hatching and begins after organs have fully developed (post organogenesis, Fig. 2, Wourms, 1972a, 1972c). Interestingly, non-annual killifishes can also delay hatching, especially if they are incubated out of water, but this might not represent a dormant or diapause phenotoype (Wourms 1972c; Varela-Lasheras and van Dooren 2014; Furness 2015; Thompson et al. 2017b).
Environmentally-Cued Hatching
Annual killifishes are the only vertebrates to stop their development after organogenesis, and this unique type of suspended animation could inform research on how vertebrate animals survive stasis with fully-developed, complex organ systems. Humans have long fantasized about “hypersleep”, a key plot point in science fiction films used to travel into deep space, save energy, stop aging, and survive in harsh environments, but killifish have been practicing this technique for millions of years. Killifish are able to use Diapause III to control hatching, remaining dormant at this stage until their habitat floods, triggering them to hatch. Hatching is a process that most animals and all vertebrates must complete as part of their development. Aquatic vertebrates like fish and frogs hatch by secreting enzymes that break down the egg envelope or zona pellucida and allow the transition from an embryo to a free-living larvae (Urch and Hedrick 1981; Yamagami 1981; Yasumasu et al. 1992; Cohen et al. 2018). While you may think of human hatching as a birthday, humans and other mammalian embryos hatch much earlier in development, during the blastocyst stages when the embryo and/or the uterus secrete enzymes that break down the zona pellucida so implantation can occur (Yamazaki et al. 1994; O’Sullivan et al. 2002; Syrkasheva et al. 2017; Leonavicius et al. 2018).
Eco-Evo-Devo
Our lab wants to figure out how animals integrate genetic and environmental cues to control progression of development in the face of changing environments. Killifish offer a unique opportunity as a research model to study suspended animation and the environmental control of hatching in a vertebrate system. While we understand the adaptive nature of dormancy and the enzymatic component of hatching, the genetic regulation of these developmental transitions or lack thereof via diapause, are relatively unknown. The study of evolutionary developmental biology or “Evo-Devo” has provided unprecedented insights into how myriad organisms turn genotype in to phenotype, but our killifish model system allows for an “Eco-Evo-Devo” approach, exploring the integration of environmental cues with the underlying genetic regulatory signals to create phenotype.
The Rio Pearlfish
We have been developing the Rio Pearlfish (Fig. 4) as a tractable annual killifish model to study both the suspended animation and environmental control of hatching (Thompson and Ortí 2016; Thompson et al. 2022). Rio Pearlfish are quite happy in small containers that mimic their small puddles in the wild. They breed very easily in the lab in sand (Video 1) and eggs can be sifted out and used for studies that manipulate both the genome and environment of developing and diapausing eggs. For example, eggs can be incubated in humid environments outside of water, and we often place them in small plastic containers on top of moist peat moss to keep them damp and mimic seasonal desiccation (Fig. 5) Once our Pearlfish reach diapause III, we simply add water to halt dormancy, induce hatching, and begin the next generation (Fig. 6 ). Rio Pearlfish evolved a seasonal life history and the associated diapauses independently from other annual killifish species in Africa and South America (Thompson et al., 2021). We have sequenced the genome of the Rio Pearlfish, identified the hatching gland (Thompson et al. 2022), and characterized changes in gene expression between diapause III and hatched fish, many of which are convergent during dormancy across metazoans (Thompson and Ortí 2016). Thus, the Rio Pearlfish will be an invaluable laboratory model in our lab as we explore convergent adaptations to extreme environments..
Figure 4. The Rio Pearlfish, Nematolebias whitei, a bi-annual killifish native to Rio de Janeiro Brazil. Photo by A. Thompson
Video 1. Males and female Rio Pearlfish bury eggs in the substrate when spawning to protect embryos from desiccation. Males are larger and more colorful than females. Video by A. Thompson and M. Davoll.
Figure 5. Killifish eggs can be collected from the substrate and incubated out of water in small plastic containers containing peat moss. Photo by A. Thompson.
Figure 6. Rio Pearlfish, in diapause III, ready to hatch in water. The embryo in the center is starting to hatch as hatching enzymes have been secreted and started to swell and break down the egg envelope. Photo by A. Thompson, H. Wojtas, and M. Davoll.
A Future of Killifish
Overall, we aim to use our investigations into diapause and environmentally-cued hatching in the Rio Pearlfish and other killifishes to learn more about how animals adapt to stressful environments in a changing world. This is especially important in the light of pervasive human-induced environmental change. We also aim to strengthen the use of killifishes as biomedical models since they can slow growth, development, and metabolic rate. Perhaps, someday, killifish suspended animation could inform research on human diseases involving growth retardation, metabolic disorders, or abnormal cellular division.
We are currently recuiting Ph.D. and Master’s students, so if you are interested in joining our team or hearing more about our research, please contact us and check out our website here.
References:
Cohen, K. L., Piacentino, M. L., & Warkentin, K. M. (2019). Two types of hatching gland cells facilitate escape-hatching at different developmental stages in red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas (Anura: Phyllomedusidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 126(4), 751-767.
Costa, W. J. E. M. (2002). The neotropical seasonal fish genus Nematolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae): taxonomic revision with description of a new species. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 13(1), 41-52.
Furness, A. I. (2016). The evolution of an annual life cycle in killifish: adaptation to ephemeral aquatic environments through embryonic diapause. Biological Reviews, 91(3), 796-812.
Leonavicius, K., Royer, C., Preece, C., Davies, B., Biggins, J. S., & Srinivas, S. (2018). Mechanics of mouse blastocyst hatching revealed by a hydrogel-based microdeformation assay. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(41), 10375-10380.
O’Sullivan, C. M., Liu, S. Y., Karpinka, J. B., & Rancourt, D. E. (2002). Embryonic hatching enzyme strypsin/ISP1 is expressed with ISP2 in endometrial glands during implantation. Molecular Reproduction and Development: Incorporating Gamete Research, 62(3), 328-334.
Podrabsky, J. E., Garrett, I. D., & Kohl, Z. F. (2010). Alternative developmental pathways associated with diapause regulated by temperature and maternal influences in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 213(19), 3280-3288.
Shafei, R. A., Syrkasheva, A. G., Romanov, A. Y., Makarova, N. P., Dolgushina, N. V., & Semenova, M. L. (2017). Blastocyst hatching in humans. Russian Journal of Developmental Biology, 48(1), 5-15.
Thompson, A. W., Black, A. C., Huang, Y., Shi, Q., Furness, A. I., Braasch, I., … & Ortí, G. (2021). Deterministic shifts in molecular evolution correlate with convergence to annualism in killifishes. BioRxiv.
Thompson, A. W., Furness, A. I., Stone, C., Rade, C. M., & Ortí, G. (2017). Microanatomical diversification of the zona pellucida in aplochelioid killifishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 91(1), 126-143.
Thompson, A. W., Hayes, A., Podrabsky, J. E., & Ortí, G. (2017). Gene expression during delayed hatching in fish-out-of-water. Ecological Genetics and Genomics, 3, 52-59.
Thompson, A. W., & Ortí, G. (2016). Annual killifish transcriptomics and candidate genes for metazoan diapause. Molecular biology and evolution, 33(9), 2391-2395.
Thompson, A. W., Wojtas, H., Davoll, M., & Braasch, I. (2022). Genome of the Rio Pearlfish (Nematolebias whitei), a bi-annual killifish model for Eco-Evo-Devo in extreme environments. G3, 12(4), jkac045.
Urch, U. A., & Hedrick, J. L. (1981). Isolation and characterization of the hatching enzyme from the amphibian, Xenopus laevis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 206(2), 424-431.
Varela-Lasheras, I., & Van Dooren, T. J. (2014). Desiccation plasticity in the embryonic life histories of non-annual rivulid species. EvoDevo, 5(1), 1-11.
Wourms, J. P. (1972). Developmental biology of annual fishes. I. Stages in the normal development of Austrofundulus myersi Dahl. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 182(2), 143-167.
Wourms, J. P. (1972). The developmental biology of annual fishes. II. Naturally occurring dispersion and reaggregation of blastomeres during the development of annual fish eggs. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 182(2), 169-200.
Wourms, J. P. (1972). The developmental biology of annual fishes. III. Pre‐embryonic and embryonic diapause of variable duration in the eggs of annual fishes. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 182(3), 389-414.
Yamagami, K. (1981). Mechanisms of hatching in fish: secretion of hatching enzyme and enzymatic choriolysis. American Zoologist, 21(2), 459-471.
Yamazaki, K., Suzuki, R., Hojo, E., Kondo, S., Kato, Y., Kamioka, K., … & Sawada, H. (1994). Trypsin‐like Hatching Enzyme of Mouse Blastocysts: Evidence for Its Participation in Hatching Process before Zona Shedding of Embryos 6: (embryo/hatching enzyme/protease/trypsin/strypsin). Development, growth & differentiation, 36(2), 149-154.
Yasumasu, S., Yamada, K., Akasaka, K., Mitsunaga, K., Iuchi, I., Shimada, H., & Yamagami, K. (1992). Isolation of cDNAs for LCE and HCE, two constituent proteases of the hatching enzyme of Oryzias latipes, and concurrent expression of their mRNAs during development. Developmental biology, 153(2), 250-258.
Fully-funded PhD and Postdoc positions are available in The Zaidel-Bar Lab to study the regulation of the cytoskeleton during cell and tissue morphogenesis. We invite highly motivated students to apply.
The lab takes a multi-scale approach from single proteins to the organism and system level, using a variety of cutting-edge technologies, most notably advanced microscopy, both in organoids and in the nematode C. elegans. Its goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms cells and tissues employ to change shape, migrate, sense, and generate mechanical forces that are essential for embryonic development and go awry in many diseases.
The lab welcomes outstanding international students with a degree in life sciences or in quantitative sciences, with a passion for research and interest in the cytoskeleton. The lab provides full fellowships for all students and housing on campus is an option. Lectures and courses are in English. Ph.D. studies usually last 4 years. Postdocs will be hired on a yearly contract up to 5 years.
The Zaidel-Bar lab is located in Tel-Aviv University, which is the leading interdisciplinary research and teaching university in Israel. Importantly, the scientific environment is dynamic and collaborative, with state of the art facilities, and students will have numerous opportunities to meet, learn from, and collaborate with excellent scientists.
Tel-Aviv is the cultural and commercial heart of Israel. Situated on a beautiful coast of the Mediterranean Sea, it is a fun, young city that never sleeps, with great food and weather.
To apply: send your CV (including transcripts) and a cover letter detailing your research experience and interest to: zaidelbar@tauex.tau.ac.il. Review of applications will begin immediately, and positions will remain open until filled.
“It would take a further 1 billion years or so for life to emerge in the form of simple bacteria-like cells, but pretty soon after that, these early organisms figured out how to do something that would literally change the world. And that thing? Photosynthesis.”
Dr Kat Arney
In thelatest episode of the Genetics Unzipped podcast, we’re turning the lights on, looking back at the origins of photosynthesis and the mysteries of the chloroplast genome. From The King James Bible to The Great Oxygen Catastrophe, every lungful of air you breathe has a remarkable story.
This week (September 19-23) is Peer Review Week, and the theme this year is “Research integrity: creating and supporting trust in research”. This is a topic very close to Development’s heart – as a key journal for the community we recognise the importance in ensuring, to the best of our abilities, that our papers are trustworthy and we pride ourselves on publishing content that stands the test of time.
I thought it might be interesting for readers of the Node to find out a bit more about what we do at Development to try and protect the integrity of the scientific record. You can also hear more about The Company of Biologists’ activities on this front over on the Company twitter feed, where we’re spotlighting some of our activities and the people behind them.
Research integrity issues come in many flavours, from unreported conflicts of interest and authorship disputes through to plagiarism and data manipulation. And in the almost 14 years (wow, can it really be that long?!) that I’ve been in the publishing business, we’ve seen people trying to cheat the system in ever more elaborate ways – from papermills to fake peer review. It’s profoundly depressing that a publication can be so important to someone’s career that they might go to such lengths to fake one, but somehow this is the world in which we find ourselves.
Fortunately, we don’t encounter that many problems at Development, and those we do can generally be resolved without too much difficulty (though I have been threatened with legal action for libel on at least two occasions). So what are the main kinds of issues we do have to deal with, and what processes do we have in place? The vast majority of cases we handle are to do with data presentation – blots that have been cropped, spliced or otherwise altered, images that are duplicated between figures and so on. In most cases these are picked up by our in-house acceptance checks. Our production team screens all figures for potential issues – both by eye and using the Proofig software, which picks up full or partial duplications both within and between figure panels. Where potential issues are detected, these are passed on to our ethics team (production editors trained in handling ethics cases) who communicate with the authors to understand and – hopefully – resolve the problem. Fortunately, most of these issues are the result of honest error on the part of the authors and can easily be fixed prior to publication. Where the case is more complicated, this is usually where I get involved and where, as appropriate, we may need to communicate with the authors’ institution to initiate a wider investigation. We do not publish papers until we are as confident as we can be that the data behind them are trustworthy.
Dealing with ethics cases at The Company of Biologists
Of course, our processes are not perfect and I’d be lying if I pretended that Development has never published a paper with image integrity issues. Post-publication, we are sometimes alerted to potential problems by readers; we’re grateful for these reports and we do always investigate . This can, however, take a long time, particularly where we need the institute to investigate, and it’s not always possible to reach a definitive conclusion on the integrity of the work, especially in cases where the paper is very old and original records may not still be available. We generally try to alert readers to potential problems with a paper even before an investigation has concluded, and – where problems are confirmed – we then act to correct the literature or, in severe cases, to retract a paper.
While data presentation problems represent the bulk of the integrity issues we have to handle, they are not the only ones. We also screen all accepted papers for potential plagiarism using the iThenticate software – in most cases, any text copying is minor and we can work with the authors to ensure that the original source is appropriately cited. We occasionally have to handle authorship disputes, though we try to ensure that authorship is appropriately attributed at an early stage using the CRediT taxonomy and by requiring all authors to confirm any changes to authorship that might occur while a paper is under consideration with us. Fortunately, Development has not been a big target for papermill papers, but my colleagues at Biology Open have encountered their fair share of papermill submissions and now have rigorous processes in place to try and identify and exclude them.
Most of what I have outlined above relies on the work of our in-house staff. But this post was prompted by Peer Review Week, so how does peer review help to ensure research integrity? In some cases, referees alert us to issues such as possible image manipulation or inappropriate use of statistics and we’re hugely grateful to our dedicated referees who pick up these problems at an early stage in the process. But more generally, I would argue that the process of detailed peer review helps to identify potential flaws in and caveats with a paper, and gives authors the opportunity to address these prior to formal publication. I’m not going to claim that this process is anything close to perfect, but I do believe that most papers are improved by peer review and that the final product is often more rigorous, better controlled and hence more trustworthy than the initial submission. As we look to the future of publishing and consider new models, it’s worth remembering that – given the vast sums of taxpayer and charity money that go towards funding science – we need systems in place to ensure research is disseminated in a responsible way. Peer review and journal publication may not be the only way to achieve this, and for sure it has its limitations, but I have yet to be convinced that there is a better one!
It’s great to say thanks, but the fact that postdocs need to have a dedicated appreciation week suggests that they are often underappreciated in science. There are a plethora of reasons why this might be the case, going from the behaviour of individual colleagues right up to issues that are deeply ingrained in the academic system. Below we have included some links to resources that address (and suggest some solutions to) some of the issues that postdocs may face. Many universities and research institutes offer their own resources, events and courses for postdocs, so make sure to check what is available locally. And drop us an email at thenode@biologists.com with any additional links that we should add to our list.
General resources
The National Postdoctoral Association is a US-based organisation and while many of the resources are country-specific, they have a lot of information that will be useful no matter where you are working.
For a light-hearted look at postdoc life and the alternatives, check out ‘The Great Resignation‘ series from our friend Mole at Journal of Cell Science.
This week is #PostdocAppreciationWeek (#NPAW22), and we’d love to hear about the postdocs that contribute to your working life! Last year, we asked for shout-outs on our Twitter feed and this year we’d love to extend it to anyone that is not using Twitter. Email us at thenode@biologists.com and we’ll put together a post at the end of the week including your stories about what makes the postdocs that you work with such special people. You can check out our post from last year here: https://thenode.biologists.com/postdocappreciationweek-2021/discussion/
Of course, showing our appreciation to postdocs (and scientists at all levels) should extend beyond one week of appreciation. Please get in touch if you would like to write a blog post for the Node on how we can better support scientists in academia.
— The Struggling Scientists Podcast (@TheStrugglingS4) September 5, 2022
Funny but serious thoughts…
Peer review week
This week is also #PeerReviewWeek, with a theme of research integrity. Throughout the week, The Company of Biologists Twitter account will be sharing experiences of our staff on this important topic. We also have a number of excellent articles our archives covering getting involved with peer review, publishing peer review reports and anonymous peer review.
If you are interested in becoming part of the peer review process, then sign up for the Node Network, our global directory of developmental and stem cell biologists, which the community can use for searching for reviewers, speakers, panel members etc. You could also get involved with the ASAPbio Preprint Reviewer Recruitment Network.
Journals participating in the Preprint Reviewer Recruitment Network consider individuals with experience reviewing #preprints for reviewer or editor positions. Interested in joining? Find a link below 👇https://t.co/XjXV7HujNO Already a member? Update your profile by 9/30 pic.twitter.com/eRblq6zYPG
The International Society for Regenerative Biology, founded in 2020, to promote community, research, and education in the field of regeneration worldwide. Its core mission is to provide new opportunities for interactions, discoveries, and recognition for scientists at all stages who are interested in regenerative biology.
ISRB is now offering a webinar series with three webinars a month based in three different time zones around the world.
Zone 1: East and South Asia, webinar will be the first week of the month.
Zone 2: Europe, Africa, webinar will be the second week of the month.
Zone 3: the Americas, webinar will be the third week of the month.
More information on exact dates and times can be found on our website. We hope you will join us!
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